Exercises 4

Question 1

What is the body’s central controller, coordinating virtually all functions in the body?

Answer 1

The brain - male it weights approx. 1600g and female 1450g.

Question 2

What is the name of the largest part of the brain containing the “nerve centre” which controls all sensory & motor activities?

Answer 2

The cerebrum - does all these things as well as conscious thought & memory.

Question 3

Sections of the Cerebrum - the outer layer, consisting of grey matter is called?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex - the cortex contains all of the centres that receive & interpret sensory info, initiate movement & voluntary muscles and much more.

Question 4

Cerebrum - which lobe is associated with reasoning, judgement, planning, movement, emotions & problem solving?

Answer 4

frontal lobe - obviously at the front of head

Question 5

Cerebrum - which lobe is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli (ie receives sensory info from the skin)/

Answer 5

parietal lobe - sits behind the frontal lobe (kind of the top of the head part)

Question 6

Cerebrum - which lobe contains the visual receiving area which receives visual images?

Answer 6

occipital lobe - sits at the back just after the parietal lobe.

Question 7

Cerebrum - which lobe contains the olfactory area (sense of smell), the auditory receiving area which detects sounds?

Answer 7

temporal lobe - also the auditory association area which interprets sounds & in the left hemisphere is responsible for speech recognition & comprehension.

Question 8

Within the cerebrum what is are the fluid-filled chambers which produce & contain cerebrospinal fluid called?

Answer 8

ventricles.

Question 9

What helps nourish the brain tissue & remove potentially harmful waste products such as drugs & other substances away from the brain?

Answer 9

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - it also acts as a shock absorber & transports hormones to other parts of the brain.

Question 10

What is involved in all sensory perception (except smell) as impulses move from the spinal cord & brainstem to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 10

Thalamus - regulates motor functions, especially planning of movement.

Question 11

What is the control centre of the endocrine system?

Answer 11

hypothalamus - controls many things e.g. eating, drinking, growth, maternal behavior, sexual reprod.

Question 12

What is the brains second largest area?

Answer 12

cerebellum (little brain)

Question 13

What part of the brain controls balance, & coordinated movement, constantly receiving updates about the body’s position?

Answer 13

cerebellum - also updates on movement & sending instructions to the muscles to adjust posture & maintain muscle tone.

Question 14

What lies immediately below the cerebrum and in front of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

brainstem - it provides 2-way conduction between the brain and the spinal cord and the body.

Question 15

What is the name of the upper section of the brainstem?

Answer 15

midbrain - the midbrain is the reflex centre for cranial nerves 3 & 4 & is involved in eye reflexes & movements.

Question 16

What is the name of the middle section of the brainstem meaning “bridge”?

Answer 16

pons - it helps regulate respirations & is the reflex centre for cranial nerves 5 to 8.

Question 17

what is the name of the inferior part of the brainstem which is continuous with the spinal cord?

Answer 17

medulla oblongata or medulla.

Question 18

There are several centres of nuclei found in the medulla? Which one adjusts the rate & force of contractions of the heart to meet the body’s needs?

Answer 18

cardiac centre.

Question 19

There are several centres of nuclei found in the medulla? Which one regulates blood pressure by changing the diameter of the blood vessels?

Answer 19

vasomotor centre

Question 20

There are several centres of nuclei found in the medulla? Which one generates respiratory rhythm & helps control rate & depth of breathing?

Answer 20

respiratory centre

Question 21

There are several centres of nuclei found in the medulla apart from the main ones the others regulate such activities as vomiting, coughing, hiccupping & sneezing.

Answer 21

not a question

Question 22

What is the series of structures deep within the cerebrum involved with emotions & memory, as well as hormonal control?

Answer 22

limbic system (sometimes called the emotional brain). it initiates basic drives (hunger, aggression, arousal, emotions)

Question 23

What screens all incoming sensory info & channels it to the appropriate area of the brain?

Answer 23

reticular activating system(RAS). it filters out repetitive, weak or familiar signals but strong or significant impulses reach the consciousness. e.g. when wearing a bracelet you may not be aware of it but if it is not there you are instantly aware of it.

Question 24

Cerebral circulation - 4 major arteries supply the brain with oxygenated blood - what are they?

Answer 24

two carotid arteries - supply blood to the anterior portion.

two vertebral arteries - supply to posterior portion

Question 25

The brain uses a series of dural sinuses in addition to veins to remove CSF & venous blood - what is this called?

Answer 25

venous drainage