Exercises 2

Question 1

partial or complete paralysis and lack of muscle coordination caused by loss of oxygen to the cerebrum during gestation or in the perinatal period

Answer 1

cerebral palsy

Question 2

loss of muscle strength to the inability of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) to transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscles

Answer 2

myasthenia gravis

Question 3

destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS, with replacement of the myelin sheath by multiple hard plaques

Answer 3

multiple sclerosis

Question 4

localised widening of a blood vessel in the brain which may rupture

Answer 4

cerebral aneurysm

Question 5

degeneration of neurons in a region of the brain that controls movement causing a pill rolling tremor

Answer 5

Parkinson’s disease

Question 6

this may be caused by a traumatic brain injur

Answer 6

extradural haematoma

Question 7

protrusion of a part of the brain through the skull

Answer 7

encephalocele

Question 8

an autoimmune condition in which the nerves are attacked by the immune system

Answer 8

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 9

disorder characterised by multiple fibromas and patches of pigmentation

Answer 9

von Recklinghausen’s disease

Question 10

abnormal enlargement of ventricles of the brain causing the head to expand

Answer 10

congenital hydrocephalus

Question 11

Neuropathy is a term describing

Answer 11

a disease of the nerves, usually noninflammatory

Question 12

Aphasia is a term defining a loss of ability to

Answer 12

speak

Question 13

Chorea is characteristic of this disease

Answer 13

Huntingdon’s disease

Question 14

The patient has a suspected brain tumour, and the attending doctor decides to use a procedure that will give the highest resolution of imaging soft tissues. He gives orders for a/an

Answer 14

MRI

Question 15

A baby is born with spina bifida cystica and an associated protrusion of both meninges and spinal cord which is called a

Answer 15

meningomyelocele

Question 16

A feeling of “‘pins and needles” in the leg is called

Answer 16

paraesthesia

Question 17

In this type of seizure, the patient stares blankly for a few seconds but there is no change in body position

Answer 17

absence

Question 18

Myasthenia gravis is which sort of neuromuscular disorder

Answer 18

neuromuscular junction disorder

Question 19

Which is a feature of Parkinson’s disease? hyperkinesis, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, apraxia

Answer 19

bradykinesia

Question 20

Surgical removal of part of the skull is

Answer 20

craniectomy

Question 21

The nervous system is divided into two major systems - which one consists of the brain & the spinal cord?

Answer 21

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 22

The nervous system is divided into two major systems - which one is composed of nerves (bundles of neurons)?

Answer 22

Peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS connects the CNS to other parts of the body

Question 23

What is the name of the branch of medical specialty concerned with the study diagnosis & treatment of diseased of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Neurology

Question 24

What is the name of the specialist physician who treats patients suffering from neurological diseases by nonsurgical means?

Answer 24

Neurologist

Question 25

Name of the specialist surgeon who treats patients suffering from neurological diseases by surgical means?

Answer 25

Neurosurgeon

Question 26

What is the name of the conducting cell which carries impulses thru out the nervous system?

Answer 26

neuron or nerve cell. It is the fundamental unit of the nervous system.

Question 27

Which part of the neuron receives signals from dendrites & sends signals down axons?

Answer 27

Soma or cell body - it contains the nucleus.

Question 28

What is the name for the long slender projection of the neuron which conducts impulses away from the cell body?

Answer 28

axon or nerve fibre. A neuron never has more than one axon. Some have none.

Question 29

On a typical axon (long slender projection) what is at the end of it? ….. ….. branch

Answer 29

axon terminal branch

Question 30

On a typical axon what is the name of the white, fatty segmented covering called?

Answer 30

Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath accelerates transmission of impulses.

Question 31

What is the name of the short, thick projections from the cell body that receive impulses from other cells & conduct them toward the cell body?

Answer 31

Dendrites.