Exercises 3

Question 1

Which neurons carry messages from the outside world towards the spinal cord or brain?

Answer 1

sensory neurons.

Question 2

Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for touch, pressure, smell.

Answer 2

mechanical stimuli

Question 3

Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for heat & cold?

Answer 3

thermal stimuli

Question 4

Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for external chemicals or chemicals within the body such as histamine.

Answer 4

chemical stimuli

Question 5

Which neurons carry commands from the spinal cord & brain to the rest of the body telling muscles & organs how to behave?

Answer 5

motor neurons.

Question 6

What is the name of the receptors in the heart muscle, smooth muscle & glands that send messages to the Motor neurons?

Answer 6

autonomic effectors

Question 7

What is the name of the receptors in skeletal muscles that send messages to the Motor Neurons?

Answer 7

motor effectors.

Question 8

What is the name for a bundle of axons which carry electrical messages thru out the body?

Answer 8

nerve

Question 9

What is the name of a large network of nerves in the PNS?

Answer 9

plexus

Question 10

Name for chemicals in a neuron that transmit signals to a receptor across a synapse?

Answer 10

neurotransmitter

Question 11

Name for nerve impulses?

Answer 11

action potential

Question 12

What is the name of the point at which impulses (action potential) travel from one neuron to the next?

Answer 12

synapse.

Question 13

What is the name of the synapse between a motor neuron & a muscle fibre?

Answer 13

neuromuscular junction

Question 14

What is the name for the knot-like masses of nerve tissue outside the brain or spinal cord?

Answer 14

ganglia (sing.ganglion) ganglia act as relay centres, gathering the sensations & passing them onto the spinal cord where they travel to the brain.

Question 15

From the PNS another system relays info to & from the skin & skeletal muscles, it is called the?

Answer 15

Somatic (voluntary) nervous system

Question 16

From the PNS another system relays info to internal organs, it is called the?

Answer 16

Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system( ANS)

Question 17

From the ANS another system controls organs in times of stress, it is called the?

Answer 17

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

From the ANS another system controls organs when body is at rest, it is called?

Answer 18

Parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 19

What is the name of the membrane lining the outer surface of the skull?

Answer 19

periosteum - this is the next layer after the skin. Skin, periosteum, bone.

Question 20

The brain is incased within the?

Answer 20

skull or cranium

Question 21

What is the name of a series of tough membranes which cover the brain & spinal cord?

Answer 21

meninges - it protects them from rubbing against the bones of the skull & spine.

Question 22

Meninges has 3 layers - which is the strongest, it is a thick, leathery 2 layered sheet of connective tissue?

Answer 22

dura mater (tough mother). Bone then dura mater.

Question 23

Meninges has 3 layers - what is the middle layer which forms a loose covering over the brain & spinal cord?

Answer 23

arachnoid mater - it acts as a cushion between the dura mater & pia mater.

Question 24

Meninges has 3 layers - which is the very delicate membrane composed of connective tissue & many tiny blood vessels which nourish the CNS?

Answer 24

Pia mater (gentle mother) - it clings tightly to the brain following every contour & to the spinal cord.

Question 25

For further protection the brain & spinal cord float in a sea of ….. …… within the skull & spine/

Answer 25

cerebrospinal fluid