Exercises 3 Flashcards
Terms with descipt: Invisible waves of energy produced by a machine
x-rays
Terms with descipt: Use of electromagnetic energy to provide soft tissue images
MRI
terms with descipt; Use of high-frequency sound waves that bounce off body tissue
ultrasound
terms with descipt: A technique measuring antigens, antibodies and proteins in vitro
RIA- radioimmunoassay. Involve analysis of blood & urine specimens using radioactive chemicals.
terms with descript; X-rays beamed at various angles through a section of the body and a cross-sectional picture created by computer
CT
terms with descript: Use of a fluorescent screen to observe organs in motion
fluoroscopy
terms with descript; Imaging showing distribution of a radionuclide in the body
scintigraphy
terms with descript: Theee dimensional scan detecting concentrations of positively charged particles inserted into the body
PET
terms with descript: Process of recording blood vessels
angiography
terms with descript: A radioactive substance given to visualise areas in the body
radiotracer
Name if the specialist who treats cancer mainly with drugs?
Medical oncologist
Name of a surgeon who specialise in tumour removal?
Surgical oncologist
Name of a specialist who treats cancer by radiation?
Radiation oncologist
Name of specialist who specialises in childrens cancers
paediatric oncologist
What does neoplasm mean?
new growth. Abnormal growth or mass that arises from normal tissue.
What is another name for neoplasms?
Tumours. not all tumours are neoplasms thou, tumour means “mass” & can also refer to a fresh bruise or haematoma
What name is given to a tumour that is slow growing, encapsulated & not invading the surrounding tissue?
Benign. Favourable for recovery.
What name is given to a tumour which is tending to become progressively worse & to result in death?
malignant.
What name is given when a malignant tumour spreads to other parts of the body?
metastasis (pl: matastases). This occurs when a mal.tumour detaches itself from the primary tumour site & establishes a secondary tumour.
What is the name for abnormal formation of cells?
dysplasia
What does CIS stand for?
Carcinoma in situ. literally “cancer in place”.
What sort of “oma” is limited to the lining epithelium of their place of origin w/o evidence of extension to the adjacent tissue?
carcinoma in situ. e.g. ductal carcinoma in situ - cancerous cells in the milk duct but has not invaded adjacent breast tissue.
What disease is characterised by unrestrained & excessive multiplication of body cells?
Cancer - it may occur in any body tissue & and at any age.
What is the change in the genetic material of a cell called?
mutation.
What is responsible for promoting cell growth, encouraging cells to multiply only to repair damage such as a wound or to replace defective cells?
proto-oncogenes
When altered or mutated proto-oncogenes become what?
oncogenes - which rapidly & uncontrollably divide promoting tumour formation & growth.
Which genes normally control the processes of cell growth & cell death (apoptosis) suppressing tumour development?
tumour suppressor genes - If a mutation occurs in the gene the cell keeps multiplying & becomes immortal with formation of a tumour
What is the name of the agents that can cause mutations which produce cancer?
carcinogenic agent or carcinogen. e.g. from environment - smoking, aging, inherited, viruses & lifestyle.
What is the process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialised form or function?
differentiation - in cancer, differ. refers to how developed the cancer cells are in the tumour.
Differentiation - What is it when the tumour cells resemble normal cells & tend to grow & spread slowly?
well differentiated
Differentiation - What is it when the tumour cells lack the structure & function of normal cells & grow uncontrollably?
Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated
