Exercises 3

Question 1

Terms with descipt: Invisible waves of energy produced by a machine

Answer 1

x-rays

Question 2

Terms with descipt: Use of electromagnetic energy to provide soft tissue images

Answer 2

MRI

Question 3

terms with descipt; Use of high-frequency sound waves that bounce off body tissue

Answer 3

ultrasound

Question 4

terms with descipt: A technique measuring antigens, antibodies and proteins in vitro

Answer 4

RIA- radioimmunoassay. Involve analysis of blood & urine specimens using radioactive chemicals.

Question 5

terms with descript; X-rays beamed at various angles through a section of the body and a cross-sectional picture created by computer

Answer 5

CT

Question 6

terms with descript: Use of a fluorescent screen to observe organs in motion

Answer 6

fluoroscopy

Question 7

terms with descript; Imaging showing distribution of a radionuclide in the body

Answer 7

scintigraphy

Question 8

terms with descript: Theee dimensional scan detecting concentrations of positively charged particles inserted into the body

Answer 8

PET

Question 9

terms with descript: Process of recording blood vessels

Answer 9

angiography

Question 10

terms with descript: A radioactive substance given to visualise areas in the body

Answer 10

radiotracer

Question 11

Name if the specialist who treats cancer mainly with drugs?

Answer 11

Medical oncologist

Question 12

Name of a surgeon who specialise in tumour removal?

Answer 12

Surgical oncologist

Question 13

Name of a specialist who treats cancer by radiation?

Answer 13

Radiation oncologist

Question 14

Name of specialist who specialises in childrens cancers

Answer 14

paediatric oncologist

Question 15

What does neoplasm mean?

Answer 15

new growth. Abnormal growth or mass that arises from normal tissue.

Question 16

What is another name for neoplasms?

Answer 16

Tumours. not all tumours are neoplasms thou, tumour means “mass” & can also refer to a fresh bruise or haematoma

Question 17

What name is given to a tumour that is slow growing, encapsulated & not invading the surrounding tissue?

Answer 17

Benign. Favourable for recovery.

Question 18

What name is given to a tumour which is tending to become progressively worse & to result in death?

Answer 18

malignant.

Question 19

What name is given when a malignant tumour spreads to other parts of the body?

Answer 19

metastasis (pl: matastases). This occurs when a mal.tumour detaches itself from the primary tumour site & establishes a secondary tumour.

Question 20

What is the name for abnormal formation of cells?

Answer 20

dysplasia

Question 21

What does CIS stand for?

Answer 21

Carcinoma in situ. literally “cancer in place”.

Question 22

What sort of “oma” is limited to the lining epithelium of their place of origin w/o evidence of extension to the adjacent tissue?

Answer 22

carcinoma in situ. e.g. ductal carcinoma in situ - cancerous cells in the milk duct but has not invaded adjacent breast tissue.

Question 23

What disease is characterised by unrestrained & excessive multiplication of body cells?

Answer 23

Cancer - it may occur in any body tissue & and at any age.

Question 24

What is the change in the genetic material of a cell called?

Answer 24

mutation.

Question 25

What is responsible for promoting cell growth, encouraging cells to multiply only to repair damage such as a wound or to replace defective cells?

Answer 25

proto-oncogenes

Question 26

When altered or mutated proto-oncogenes become what?

Answer 26

oncogenes - which rapidly & uncontrollably divide promoting tumour formation & growth.

Question 27

Which genes normally control the processes of cell growth & cell death (apoptosis) suppressing tumour development?

Answer 27

tumour suppressor genes - If a mutation occurs in the gene the cell keeps multiplying & becomes immortal with formation of a tumour

Question 28

What is the name of the agents that can cause mutations which produce cancer?

Answer 28

carcinogenic agent or carcinogen. e.g. from environment - smoking, aging, inherited, viruses & lifestyle.

Question 29

What is the process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialised form or function?

Answer 29

differentiation - in cancer, differ. refers to how developed the cancer cells are in the tumour.

Question 30

Differentiation - What is it when the tumour cells resemble normal cells & tend to grow & spread slowly?

Answer 30

well differentiated

Question 31

Differentiation - What is it when the tumour cells lack the structure & function of normal cells & grow uncontrollably?

Answer 31

Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated