Exercise Science

Question 1

What is the definition of a concentric and eccentric muscle force?

Answer 1

Concentric- constant force with muscle shortening
Eccentric- constant force with muscle lengthening

Both are examples of isotonic exercises (constant force with varied movement; bicep curls)

An isometric force maintains constant muscle length (pushing against immovable wall)

Question 2

What is the difference between open and closed chain exercises?

Answer 2

Closed- distal end of extremity is fixed (leg press)

Open- distal end of extremity moves freely (leg curls/extensions)

Question 3

The strength and conditioning term for planned variation in intensity and duration of workouts over a predefined duration of time is?

Answer 3

Periodization

Question 4

Dynamic exercise training can increase an athlete’s cardiac output through which of the following mechanisms?

Answer 4

Increase in cardiac stroke volume

Question 5

What treatment modality is defined by use of an electrical current to drive charged molecules of medicine through the skin to the deep tissues?

Answer 5

Iontophoresis

Question 6

What are the benefits of aquatic training?

Answer 6

1) decreases joint stress by lowering vertical component of the ground reaction force through buoyancy
2) unique advantages in cardiorespiratory fitness when compared to land training
3) less abrupt increases in heart rate
4) increased oxygen consumption
5) prevents secondary injuries to the lower limb

Question 7

Which of the following cytokines has been shown to promote scar tissue formation in lacerated skeletal muscle?

Answer 7

TGF-beta

Question 8

Which term used in rehabilitiation describes a strengthening exercise performed at a constant speed?

Answer 8

Isokinetic; must use special equipment