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CSCS PRACTICE ?'s > Exercise Science > Flashcards

Exercise Science Flashcards

1
Q

Which lever operated at a mechanical disadvantage?

A

Third class lever (ex: biceps curl)

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2
Q

How long does it take for detraining to begin in terms of strength adaptations?

A 
4 weeks
(Athlete’s break 😅)
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3
Q

Early gains in an athlete’s are due to primarily to which of the following factors?

A

Faster rate coding and greater recruitment (p.30)

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4
Q

The left ventricle is responsible for?

A

Pumping blood through the body (p.13)

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5
Q

What principle is initiated once an adequate amount of acetylcholine is released by the nerve terminal?

A

All-or-none principle (p.9)

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6
Q

What is the series of reactions in which free fatty acids are broken down, resulting in the formation of Acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons?

A

Beta oxidation (p.53)

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7
Q

Which of the following is typical in untrained lifters?

A

Bilateral deficit (93) the force produced when both limbs contract together is < sum of forces they produce when contracting unilaterally

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8
Q

Synergistic muscle during a leg curl?

A

Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

Muscle fibers that are the least fatigue resistant?

A

Type IIX

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10
Q

Which of the following adaptations in women following resistance training?

A

Increased testosterone sensitivity

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11
Q

An increase in muscle contraction rate, force production, and metabolic enzyme activity can be attributed to which ‘flight or fight’ mode hormone?

A

Catecholamines (p84)

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12
Q

Rotational work is a function of?

A

Angular displacement and torque

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13
Q

Which region delays the neurocardiac signal from the atrium to the ventricle?

A

AV node (p13)

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14
Q

Steroid hormones are primarily produced in which of the following organs?

A

Adrenal cortex and gonads

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15
Q

What action happens in the transverse plane abduction of the shoulder?

A

Backhand tennis stroke

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16
Q

What injury is higher in female athletes?

A

ACL tears

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17
Q

During inadequate training stimulus, a loss of training induced adaptations is referred to as what?

A

Detraining (129)

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18
Q

Which of the following neural adaptations occur as a result of anaerobic training?

A

I. Increased agonist recruitment
III. Increased firing rate
IV. Decreased inhibitory mechanisms
(88-90)

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19
Q

During resisted elbow flexion, the forearm acts as which class of lever?

A

D. Third-class lever

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20
Q

Which of the following best predicts aerobic performance?*

A

Maximal lactic steady state

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21
Q

Which sort of synovial joint offers the greatest range of motion, owing to its structure?

A

Ball and socket

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22
Q

Which heart structure is most vulnerable to being compromised during tachycardia?

A

Conduction system (12-14)

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23
Q

The muscles on the back of the thigh are activated by which knee movement?

A

Flexion of the knee

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24
Q

How long is the suggested period of time for holding a static stretch?

A

15-30s

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25
Q

At what age does peak height velocity typically occur?

A

12-14 (pp137)

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26
Q

Among other motions, the external oblique is responsible for which of the following?

A

Contralateral torso rotation (26-27)

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27
Q

A first-class lever has which of the following characteristics?

A

III. Can act at a mechanical advantage or disadvantage

IV. Muscle force acts on the opposite side of fulcrum as the resistive force

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28
Q

Golgi tendon organs relay sensory information concerning which of the following?

A

Muscle tension p12

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29
Q

Of the following movements, which is driven by the posterior head of the major shoulder muscle group?

A

Extension of the shoulder (Pg 26, 362, 365.)

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30
Q

An athlete contracts the gluteus maximus to enhance the stretch in the hip flexors. Which aspect of the neuromuscular system is being stimulated?

A

Reciprocal inhibition (Pg 323.)

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31
Q

When flexing the elbow, how many heads does the antagonist have?

A

3 (p4)

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32
Q

In what way is the heart’s conduction system affected by sympathetic system stimulation ?

A

Speeds up depolarization of the SA node (p4)

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33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fleshy attachments?

A

Additional connective fibers extend into the bone itself (p20)

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34
Q

Which of the following neural adaptations occur with chronic resistance training?

A

I. Increased efficiency
II. Delayed fatigue in contractile mechanisms
IV. Improved synchronization of agonist, synergist, and antagonist muscles

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35
Q

Which is considered the synergist muscle during a leg curl?

A

Gastrocnemius (p393)

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36
Q

Which of the following compounds are the primary fuels for glycolysis?

A

Glucose, glycogen (p46)

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37
Q

How is the force-velocity curve influenced by a rise in rate of force development?

A

Shifts the curve to the right

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38
Q

What role does the antagonist play in a given motion?

A

Slows down and stops the movement

P20

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39
Q

Which system provides energy for high intensity events last and 30 seconds to two minutes?

A

Fast glycolysis

P46

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40
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the breakdown of larger molecules and is usually associated with energy released?

A

Catabolism

P44

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41
Q

Which of the following factors are used to calculate torque?

A

Length of the moment arm and the magnitude of applied force

P21

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42
Q

Which of the following occurs in glycolysis when sufficient oxygen is available?

A

Pyruvate is shuttled to mitochondria

P49

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43
Q

Metabolic acidosis is caused by which of the following?

A

Increase in hydrogen concentration in the cell

P49

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44
Q

Which of the following is not a factor in maximal Force output?

A

Mitochondrial density

P30-33

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45
Q

An athlete look into decrease lactate accumulation during higher intensity exercise should do which of the following?

A

Train around or above OBLA

P51

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46
Q

Which of the following muscles acts as a synergist during deep squatting to counteract hip flexion?

A

Gluteus maximus

P26-27

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47
Q

The phosphagen system relies on which of the following compounds for ATP resynthesis?

A

Creatine phosphate

P46

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48
Q

The first class lever has which of the following characteristics?

A

Connect at a mechanical advantage or disadvantage and muscle force acts on the opposite side of the fulcrum as the resistive force
P21

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49
Q

The lactate threshold in onset of blood lactate accumulation may be caused by which of the following?

A

Increased recruitment of large motor units

P50-51

50
Q

Fluid resistance is not a significant factor in which of the following activities

A

Olympic lifting

P36-37

51
Q

Rotational work is a function of which of the following factors?

A

Angular displacement and torque

P29

52
Q

Which of the following statements correctly completes the statement? To concentrically move against resistance, a muscle that operates at mechanical advantage of less than one must produce force:

A

Greater than the external resistance

P21

53
Q

What activity primarily relies on friction is the source of resistance?

A

Sled push

54
Q

For given muscle strength, Athletes with tendon assertions further from the joint would be expected to have which of the following abilities?

A

Be able to lift heavier weight

P23

55
Q

Calculate the positive work performed in the power output when lifting a barbell straight upwards using the following numbers:
Gravity 9.8, Barbell 50kg, vert displacement 1.5m, desired accel. 1 m/s2, time to lift bar 2s

A

Work = 540 J ; power = 270 W

56
Q

Fibrous attachments have which of the following characteristics?

A

Contiguous with muscle sheets and connective tissues

P20

57
Q

Athlete a and B have the same cross-section area in the quadricep muscles, however athlete A is taller and has more volume in the quadriceps. All else being equal, which athlete likely has stronger quad?

A

Quadricep strength should be similar for both athletes

P30

58
Q

Protein oxidation causes the build up which of the following substances?

A

Urea, ammonia

P53

59
Q

Which effect is responsible for determining the direction of the reaction but during rephosphorylation via CP system ?

A

Mass action effect

P46

60
Q

A weight belt should only be used during which of the following

A

During the heavy sets of structural exercises

P38-38

61
Q

Exchange of nutrients between blood and tissues occurs in which of the following structures?

A

Capillaries

62
Q

The AV bundle

A

Conducts electrical impulses to the ventricles

63
Q

Golgi tendon organs relay sensory information concerning

A

Muscle tension

64
Q

External oblique is responsible for

A

Contralateral torso rotation

65
Q

Which of the following formulas represents the rate pressure product of oxygen consumption by the heart?

A

Heart rate * systolic blood pressure

66
Q

What is the maximum increase in tidal volume associated with aerobic exercise?

A

3 L

67
Q

An athlete displaying decreased performance, increased resting heart rate, and altered immune function is likely suffering from which of the following?

A

Non-functional overreaching

68
Q

“Oxygen uptake” refers to which of the following?

A

Amount of oxygen consumed by bodily tissues

69
Q

What is the approximate amount of oxygen carrying capacity per 100mL of blood in men?

A

20mL

70
Q

What adjustments occur after 3-6 weeks days at altitude (>1,200 m above sea-level)?

A

Increased hemoglobin formation

71
Q

Calculate the BMI for an individual weighing 80kg with a height of 200cm.

A

20 (BMI=weight/height^2

72
Q

acute cardiovascular responses to aerobic training?

A

Increased cardiac output
Increased stroke volume
Increased heart rate

73
Q

neural adaptations that occur as a result of anaerobic training

A

Increased agonist recruitment
Increased firing rate
Decreased inhibitory mechanisms

74
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate age category assessment for youth athletes?

A

Biological

75
Q

Who is most susceptible to epiphyseal growth plate damage?

A

Adolescents at peak height velocity

76
Q

Which of the following substances increases red blood cell formation?

A

Erythropoietin

77
Q

Sarcopenia is associated with which of the following?

A

Decreased muscle cross-section area

78
Q

At what point in adolescence do peak strength gains typically appear?

A

1.2 years after peak height velocity

79
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate method of measuring intensity?

A

Blood lactate concentration

80
Q

The storage of potential energy occurs during which phase of the stretch-shortening cycle?

A

Eccentric phase

81
Q

Hyperoxic breathing refers to which of the following?

A

Inhaling oxygen-enriched air between sets or during recovery

82
Q

Theoretically, supercompensation occurs during which phase of the GAS?

A

Resistance phase

83
Q

During advanced stages of detraining, highly trained athletes may see a decrease in VO2 max of:

A

6-20%

84
Q

Which compound produces more net ATP during substate-level phosphorylation?

A

Glycogen

85
Q

The oxygen deficit represents which of the following?

A

P57 anaerobic contribution to exercise

86
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction that occurs during the contraction phase?

A

Myosin ATPase

87
Q

An athlete displaying sleep disturbances, performance degradation, and mood disturbances may be suffering from:

A

OTS

88
Q

During ventricular contraction, which valve stops the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid Valve

89
Q

Which muscles aid in inspiration during heavy breathing?

A

Sternocleidomastoids

90
Q

The phosphagen system is defined by which of the following?

A

Anaerobic alactic system

91
Q

Which region delays the neurocardiac signal from the atrium to the ventricle?

A

AV Node

92
Q

Growth hormone does not influence

A

Increased glycogen production

93
Q

An example of a poly peptide hormone is

A

Insulin

94
Q

What valves prevent that blood backflow during diastole?

A

Semilunar valves

95
Q

According to inverted U theory, which of the following benefit from relatively hire arousal?

A

A skilled athlete with competitive experience and a simple sport skill

96
Q

Data tends to congregate around which of these values?

A

Measures of central tendency

97
Q

Which cardiac chamber experiences the most increase in volume and wall thickness during aerobic training?

A

Left ventricle

98
Q

Which electrical occurrences are undetectable during a normal electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

Atrial repolarization

99
Q

Which sarcomere structure attaches to filaments that contract during concentric contraction?

A

Z line

100
Q

The second generation airway passages are known as which of the following?

A

Bronchi

101
Q

What oxygen uptake state does the body enter after the initial spike in oxygen intake during a low-power, constant output exercise?

A

Steady state

102
Q

Which electrical occurrences are undetectable during a normal electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

Atrial depolarization

103
Q

Which muscle stabilizes the hip in the frontal plane during squatting movements?

A

Glute Medius

104
Q

A first-class lever has which of the following characteristics?

A

III. Can act at a mechanical advantage or disadvantage

IV. Muscle force acts on the opposite side of fulcrum as the resistive force

105
Q

Which body type do late-maturing adolescents typically have?

A

Ectomorphic

106
Q

Which of these is growth hormone not responsible for influencing?

A

Increasing glycogen production

107
Q

Which of the following performance or physiological characteristics is NOT usually observed in a state of nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) within athlete populations?

A

mood disturbances and depression

108
Q

Following prolonged periods of detraining in elite strength/power athletes, which of the following physical characteristics will likely show the largest reduction as a consequence of the removal of an anaerobic training stimulus?

A

fast-twitch fiber cross-sectional area

109
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the

A

stroke volume

110
Q

Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session?

A

diastolic blood pressure

111
Q

The mean arterial pressure is defined as the

A

average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

112
Q

Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following?

A

I. increased maximal oxygen uptake

II. decreased blood lactate concentration III. increased running economy

113
Q

Growth cartilage in children is located at all of the following

A

epiphyseal plate
joint surface
apophyseal insertion

114
Q

The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called

A

Osteoporosis

115
Q

When measuring maximal strength of a soccer player, which of the following could potentially adversely affect the test–retest reliability of the results?

A

using multiple testers
retesting at a different time of day
an athlete’s inexperience with the tested exercise

116
Q

The bench press, vertical jump, and 10m Sprint are the most valid test for what American football position?

A

Defensive lineman

117
Q

Which of the following tests is used to measure maximum muscular power?

A

Margaria-Kalamen test
vertical jump
1RM power clean

118
Q

Flexibility of which of these muscle groups or body areas is assessed during the sit-and-reach test?

A

Hamstrings and lumbar spine

119
Q

When compiling results from the volleyball team’s vertical jump testing, the strength and conditioning pro- fessional notices that most scores are similar, but there are three scores that are much higher than the rest. Which of the following measures of central tendency is most appropriate for this group?

A

Median

120
Q

When stimulated during PNF stretching, Golgi tendon organs allow the relaxation of the

A

stretched muscle by its own contraction

121
Q

Which of the following stretching techniques decreases muscle spindle stimulation?

A

Static

122
Q

Stimulation of muscle spindles induces a

A

contraction of the stretched muscle

CSCS PRACTICE ?'s (7 decks)

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