Exercise Prescription for Healthy Populations with Special Considerations Flashcards
Children and adolescents (defined as individuals 6–17 yr) are more physically active than…
Their adult counterparts.
What age range are as physically active as recommended by experts?
Only the youngest children (6-7 yr), and most young individuals older than the age of 10 yr do not meet prevailing physical activity guidelines.
The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans call for children and adolescents to engage in…
At least 60 min ∙ day−1 of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA; To include vigorous intensity PA, resistance exercise, and bone loading activity on at least 3 d ∙ wk−1
In addition to the PA guidelines, recommendations include children limit total entertainment screen time to…
<2 hours per day
Children and adolescents are physiologically adaptive to…
Endurance exercise training, resistance training, and bone loading exercise.
Exercise training in children and adolescent produces improvements in…
Cardiometabolic risk factors, weight control, bone strength, and psychosocial well-being, and may help prevent sports-related injuries; thus, the benefits of exercise are much greater than the risks
Do children and adolescents need medical screening before beginning exercise?
Most young individuals are healthy and able to start moderate intensity exercise training without medical screening; Vigorous exercise can be initiated after safely participating in moderate exercise. (Because prepubescent children have immature skeletons, younger children should not participate in “excessive” amounts of vigorous intensity exercise)
Physiologic responses of children to acute, graded exercise are qualitatively similar to…
those seen in adults; There are important quantitative differences, many of which are related to the effects of body mass, muscle mass, and height; Children have a much lower anaerobic capacity than adults limiting their ability to perform sustained vigorous intensity exercise
What physiological responses to acute exercise are higher in children than adults?
Relative oxygen uptake, Heart rate, Respiratory rate
Children and Adolescents Exercise Testing
Exercise testing for clinical purposes is generally not indicated for children or adolescents unless there is a health concern; The exercise testing protocol should be based on the reason the test is being performed and the functional capability of the child or adolescents; Children and adolescents should be familiarized with the test protocol and procedure before testing to minimize stress and maximize the potential for a successful test.
Exercise testing for clinical purposes is generally not indicated for children or adolescents unless there is a…
Health Concern
The exercise testing protocol for children and adolescents should be based on…
The reason the test is being performed and the functional capability of the child or adolescents
Children and adolescents should be familiarized with the…
Test protocol and procedure before testing to minimize stress and maximize the potential for a successful test.
What test protocols are best for children and adolescents?
Treadmill and cycle ergometers should be available for testing. Treadmills tend to elicit a higher peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and maximum HR (HRmax); Cycle ergometers provide less risk for injury but need to be correctly sized for the child or adolescent; Children and adolescents may require extra motivation and support during the exercise test compared to adults.
Health/fitness testing for children and adolescent may be performed…
outside of the clinical setting
The components of the Fitnessgram test battery for children and adolescents include…
Body composition (BMI or skinfold thicknesses), Cardiorespiratory fitness (1-min walk/run, PACER), Muscular fitness (curl-up test, pull-up/push-up tests), and Flexibility (sit-and-reach test).
Children and adolescents should be encouraged to participate in…
Various physical activities that are enjoyable and age appropriate.
PA in young children should include…
Unstructured active play, which typically consists of sporadic bursts of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA alternating with brief periods of rest; These small bouts of PA, however brief, count toward FITT recommendations.
Aerobic: Frequency (FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
Daily
Resistance: Frequency(FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
> /= 3 days/wk
Bone Strengthening: Frequency (FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
> /= 3 days/wk
Aerobic: Intensity(FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
Most should be moderately (noticeable increase in HR and breathing) to vigorous intensity (substantial increases in HR and breathing). Include vigorous intensity at least 3 days/wk
Resistance: Intensity (FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
Use of body weight as resistance or 8-15 sub maximal repetitions of an exercise to the point of moderate fatigue with good mechanical form
Bone Strengthening: Intensity (FITT recommendations for children and adolescents)
N/A