Exercise & Pregnancy Flashcards
What are physiological changes with pregnancy>
- Endocrine
- progesterone, estrogen, gonadotropin - cardiovascular system
- uterine blood flow - Renal system
- renal bood flow, glomerular flitration rate - respiration & acid-base regulation
- increased VE, reduced PaCO2/respiratory alkalosis
How do physiological changes during pregnancy effect each other?
increase of estrogen
= decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, decreasing mean arterial pressure
result? less Na retention in renal system
= stimulates progesterone receptors that effect respiration
increase of progesterone
= progesterone receptors get stimulated to increase breathing reflexes
–> ventilation increases, PCO2 decreases
decrease in Na retention as a result of hormones,
= increase of blood volume
= decrease in osmolality
How is the baroreflex control effected?
body is able to detect beat-to-beat fluctuations in BP different, but helps with homeostasis
What happens to thermoregulation during pregnancy & exercise?
Conduction –> through periphery CV
Evaporation –> through sweat
helps establish steady state of heat production vs heat dissipation
- core temp rises 1.5C during first 30 min of exercise then plateaus
increase in body temp during exercise = directly related to intensity of exercise
What are absolue contraindictions to aerobic exercise during pregnancy?
- Hemodynamically significant heart disease
- Restrictive lung disease
- Incompetent cervix
- Multiple gestation at risk for premature labour
- Persistent second or third trimester bleeding
- Placenta praevia after 26 weeks gestation
- Premature labour during the current pregnancy
- Ruptured membranes
- Pregnancy induced hypertension
What are relative contraindications to aerobic exercise during pregnancy?
- Severe anaemia
- Unevaluated maternal cardiac arrhythmia
- Chronic bronchitis
- Poorly controlled type I diabetes
- Extreme morbid obesity
- Extreme underweight (body mass index <12)
- History of extremely sedentary lifestyle
- Intrauterine growth restriction in current pregnancy
- Poorly controlled hypertension/pre-eclampsia
- Orthopaedic limitations
- Poorly controlled seizure disorder
- Poorly controlled thyroid disease
- Heavy smoker
What are some warning signs to stop exercise while pregnant?
- Vaginal bleeding
- Dyspnoea before exertion
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Chest pain
- Muscle weakness
- Calf pain or swelling (thrombophlebitis)
- Preterm labour
- Decreased fetal movement
- Amniotic fluid leakage
If no health issues, what is the recommend amount of exercise for pregnant women?
150min/wk of moderate to vigorous intensity
What are the benefits to exercise during pregnancy? if no contraindications…
Improved maternal-fetal outcomes
- reduced risk of gestational diabetes
- reduced risk of caesarean sections
- large for gestational age babies
What considerations for exercise at altitude if pregnant?
lowlanders: potential critical reductions in O2 delivery for fetus
impact is unknown…
