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Year 12 A Level PE > Exercise Physiology - Sports Injuries > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology - Sports Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acute injury?

A

An injury that occurs suddenly such as a sprained ankle caused by an awkward landing.

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2
Q

What is a chronic injury?

A

An injury that is caused by repeated overuse of muscle groups or joints.

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3
Q

Give examples of acute injuries.

A
  • Broken bones
  • Muscle sprains
  • Concussion
  • Dislocations
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4
Q

Give examples of chronic injuries.

A
  • Shin splints
  • Groin pull
  • Stress fracture
  • Heel inflammation
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5
Q

How might an acute injury occur in sport?

A

When a person falls, receives a blow or twists a joint.

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6
Q

How might a chronic injury occur in sport?

A

Overuse of one area of the body and develop over time.

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7
Q

What is injury prevention?

A

Strategies and practices aimed at reducing the risk of injuries in sports and physical activities.

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8
Q

Name some methods to prevent injury.

A
  • Screening
  • Protective equipment
  • Warm up
  • Flexibility training/mobility training
  • Taping and bracing
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9
Q

What is the purpose of screening in injury prevention?

A

To identify those at risk of complications from exercise, prepare performers for their sport, enhance performance, and reduce injury.

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10
Q

What are examples of screening?

A
  • Young athletes – CRY heart screening
  • Musculoskeletal screening
  • Professional sport assessments
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11
Q

What are some disadvantages of screening?

A
  • Some tests are not 100% accurate
  • May miss a problem
  • Could identify a problem that doesn’t exist
  • Increase anxiety
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12
Q

List examples of protective equipment.

A
  • Thigh guards
  • Hand guards
  • Helmet
  • Shin guards
  • Ankle guards
  • Mouth guard
  • Neck pads
  • Throat pads
  • Leg guards
  • Goggles
  • Wrist guards
  • Elbow pads
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13
Q

What is the first stage of a warm-up?

A

Pulse raiser - an activity that raises the heart rate, increasing blood flow through active muscles, and raises the body temperature.

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14
Q

What is the second stage of a warm-up?

A

Stretching - a form of physical exercise that improves muscle elasticity.

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15
Q

What is the third stage of a warm-up?

A

Sport-related activity - skill-related activity that contributes to the main activity.

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16
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.

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17
Q

What are the benefits of PNF stretching?

A
  • Improves active and passive range of motion
  • Increases flexibility
  • Can improve muscular strength
18
Q

What is the method of PRICE used for?

A

To help speed up recovery once an injury has occurred.

19
Q

Who should administer PRICE?

A

A trained professional.

20
Q

What types of injuries should PRICE be used for?

A

Minor soft tissue injuries that involve muscles, ligaments, and tendons, such as mild sprains and strains.

21
Q

When should PRICE NOT be used?

A

Fractures, dislocations, and breaks.

22
Q

What is a hypoxic tent?

A

A portable altitude chamber that allows users to exercise at altitude without needing to wear a mask.

23
Q

What are the good points of using hypoxic tents?

A
  • Improved aerobic capacity
  • Increased sea level performance after prolonged use
  • Reduced occurrence of chronic hypoxia
24
Q

What are the bad points of using hypoxic tents?

A
  • Risk of hypoxic brain damage
  • Respiratory infections
  • Impact on training
25
Q

What is massage?

A

The practice of kneading or manipulating a person’s muscles and other soft tissue to improve their wellbeing or health.

26
Q

How does massage work?

A

Mechanical responses that occur in the body when pressure is applied to the soft tissues.

27
Q

What are the benefits of massage?

A
  • Better quality of sleep
  • Quicker recovery
28
Q

What is hypoxic training?

A

The practice of changing barometric pressure but lowering the oxygen concentration inside using a hypoxic air generator.

29
Q

What is massage?

A

The practice of kneading or manipulating a person’s muscles and other soft tissue in order to improve their wellbeing or health.

30
Q

How does massage work?

A

Causes physiological changes in your body through the relaxation response and mechanical pressure applied to the soft tissues.

31
Q

What are the good points of massage?

A
  • Better quality of sleep
  • Quicker recovery between workouts
  • Improved flexibility
  • Less pain and soreness
32
Q

What are the bad points of massage?

A
  • Occasionally causes new physical injuries
  • Usually just minor bruises and nerve lesions
33
Q

What is electrotherapy?

A

The use of electrical energy as a medical treatment.

34
Q

How does electrotherapy work?

A

By stimulating the nerves to distract them from sending pain signals to the brain or by stimulating the brain to produce natural painkillers.

35
Q

What are the good points of electrotherapy?

A
  • Reduce pain
  • Improves circulation
  • Repair tissues
  • Strengthen muscles
  • Promote bone growth
36
Q

What are the bad points of electrotherapy?

A

Skin irritation.

37
Q

What is hydrotherapy?

A

A branch of alternative medicine that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment.

38
Q

How does hydrotherapy work?

A

The warmth of the water allows muscles to relax and eases pain in joints, supporting weight and increasing range of movement.

39
Q

What are the good points of hydrotherapy?

A
  • Reduced pain
  • Faster recovery from surgery
  • Re-education of normal movement
  • Improved walking technique
  • Improved aerobic fitness levels
  • Improved balance and coordination
  • Increased strength of weak muscles
  • Increased range of movement of joints
  • Improved independence and function
  • Improved circulation
  • Mobilising and lengthening muscles
40
Q

What are the bad points of hydrotherapy?

A
  • Slips, falls or other accidents
  • Burns or frostbites
  • Infections

Year 12 A Level PE (8 decks)

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