Exercise physiology Flashcards
what is an ergogenic aid?
a substance, object or method used to improve or enhance performance.
what are pharmacological aids?
a group of ergogenic aids taken to increase the levels of hormones or neural transmitters naturally produced by the body.
name three types of pharmacological aids.
anabolic steroids, erythropoietin (EPO) and human growth hormone (HGH)
what are the performance benefits of anabolic steroids?
increased muscle mass and strength, increased speed of recovery, increased intensity and duration of training.
what are the risks of anabolic steroids?
irritability, aggression and mood swings, liver damage and potential heart failure, acne and hormonal disturbances.
what WADA status is anabolic steroids?
illegal
what is erythropoietin?
a naturally produced hormone responsible for the production of red blood cells.
What is recombinant erythropoietin (RhEPO)
an illegal synthetic product copying natural erythropoietin hormone responsible for red blood cell production.
what is hyper-viscosity?
excessively thickened blood with high resistance to flow.
what are the performance benefits of EPO?
increased red blood cell and hemoglobin count, increased oxygen transport and aerobic capacity, increased intensity and duration of performance before fatigue.
what are the risks of EPO?
increased blood viscosity, decreased cardiac output, increased risk of blood clots and heart failure, decreased natural production of epo.
what WADA status is EPO?
illegal
what is human growth hormone?
an illegal synthetic product copying natural growth hormone to increase protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair.
what are the performance benefits of HGH?
increased muscle mass and strength, increased fat metabolism and decreased fat mass, increased blood glucose levels, increased speed of recovery, increased intensity and duration of training.
what are the risks of HGH?
abnormal bone and muscle development, enlargement of vital organs - potentially leading to multi-organ failure, increased risk of certain cancers and diabetes.
what are physiological aids?
a group of ergogenic aids used to increase the rate of adaptation by the body to increase performance
name three types of physiological aids.
blood doping, intermittent hypoxic training and cooling aids.
what WADA status is HGH?
illegal
what is blood doping?
an illegal method of increasing red blood cell content by infusing blood prior to competition
what are the performance benefits of blood doping?
increased red blood cell and haemoglobin count, increased oxygen transport and aerobic capacity, increased intensity and duration of performance before fatigue
what are the risks of blood doping?
increased blood viscosity, decreased cardiac out out, increased risk of blood clots and heart failure, risk of transfusion reactions and infections such a hepatitis and HIV.
what WADA status is blood doping?
illegal
what is intermittent hypoxic training (IHT)?
interval training with work intervals performed under hypoxic conditions
what is hypoxia?
a condition where the body is subjected to an inadequate oxygen supply to maintain normal function.