Exercise Physiology

Question 0

Development of exercise physiology -Harvard Fatigue Lab

Answer 0

Established to study psychological, physiological, and sociological responses of workers to stressful stimuli

1927-1947

Question 1

Exercise science

Answer 1

Study of the functional and physiologic responses and adaptations that occur during and following physical activity and exercise

Question 2

Acute responses to exercise

Answer 2

Changes in the systems of the body in response to a single bout of exercise

Systems of the body control the body’s internal environment and response to increased challenges to homeostasis

Question 3

Chronic adaptations

Answer 3

Changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to repeated regular physical activity and exercise

Improve functions of the body while at rest and during exercise

Question 4

areas of study in ex. physiology:

Factors controlling substrate metabolism

Answer 4

interaction of fat and carbohydrate utilization

• effects of intensity and duration
• roles of enzymes and hormones

Question 5

areas of study in exercise physiology:

Muscle control of glucose uptake

Answer 5

body closely regulates energy utilization during physical activity and exercise
-ex. insulin and GLUT 4 facilitate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells

Question 6

areas of study in exercise physiology:

Skeletal muscle physiology

Answer 6

fibers have distinct contractile and metabolic characteristics
- training results in fibers taking on characteristics that help meet the requirements of the physical activity or exercise

Question 7

areas of study in exercise physiology:

Bone metabolism

Answer 7

• influenced by physical activity and exercise
• osteoporosis
• female athlete triad

Question 8

osteoporosis - bone metabolism

Answer 8

characterized by a loss of bone mineral density

• increased risks of bone fractures
• normal bone vs. osteoporatic bone

Question 9

female athlete triad - bone metabolism

Answer 9

Normal:

• optimal energy available
• eumenorrhea
• optimal bone health

Question 10

energy balance and weight management

Answer 10

• critical for promoting overall good health and optimizing performance in certain sports and athletic competitions
• body weight management can be described using the ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION

Question 11

assessment of energy expenditure and physical activity

Answer 11

• critical for promoting weight loss or identifying the fitness requirements for a job skill
• most assessments are indirect
• ex. muscle biopsy, doubly labeled H2O (very acurate)

Question 12

environmental exercise physiology

Answer 12

• ensuring safety and optimizing performance in challenging conditions is important
• exercise in hot or cold conditions, and at high altitudes, present unique challenges to the body

Question 13

factors affecting exercise in heat

Answer 13

fitness level
type and amount of clothing worn
use of medications
hydration status
exercise intensity and duration
environmental temperature and humidity

Question 14

factors affecting exercise in the cold

Answer 14

environmental conditions
health status and age
body composition
exercise intensity
type of clothing worn