Exercise and Sport Psychology

Question 0

development of exercise and sport psychology: early influences

Answer 0

• individuals trained in psychology examine factors related to physical activity and exercise
• norman triplett
• coleman R. griffith

Question 1

exercise and sport psychology

Answer 1

• study of the behavior, thoughts, and feelings of individuals engaging in physical activity
• principles can be used on both individuals and groups to: enhance performance, assist in behavior modification, and aid in recovery from injury or illness

Question 2

Norman Triplett

Answer 2

studied how direct competition affected performance in a bicycle race (when head-to-head, competed more)

Question 3

Coleman R Griffith

Answer 3

recognized as the “Father of North American Sport Psychologist”
- development of sport psychology as a discipline

Question 4

development of exercise and sport psychology: recent influences

Answer 4

• international society of sport psychologists
• NASPA
• AASP: has a focus on the counseling aspect

Question 5

primary objectives of exercise and sport psychology

Answer 5

• understanding the social-psychological factors that influence individual behavior
• understanding the psychological effects derived from participation in exercise and sports
• enhancing the experiences of individuals

Question 6

personality

Answer 6

• entire qualities and traits, including character and behavior that are specific to someone
• plays an important role in the behaviors that individuals exhibit
• center of an individual’s personality is the psychological core (most stable and least modifiable)

Question 7

state anxiety

Answer 7

a transitory state of depressed or heightened arousal

- a right now feeling

Question 8

trait anxiety

Answer 8

relative stable predisposition to perceive a wide range of situations as threatening
- how one generally feels (how you are overall)

Question 9

motivation

Answer 9

• complex set of internal and external forces that influence individuals to behave in certain ways

Question 10

extrinsic motivation

Answer 10

when individuals engage in a certain behavior to gain some external reward

Question 11

intrinsic motivation

Answer 11

engage in behavior because the individual enjoys the process and gains pleasure and satisfaction from participation

Question 12

theories of motivation: attribution theory

Answer 12

• 4 common casual attributions:
• ability (stable)
• effort (stable)
• task difficulty (stable)
• luck (unstable)

Question 13

3 causal dimensions of attribution theory

Answer 13

loci of casuality
stability
controllability

Question 14

theories of motivation: self-efficacy theory

Answer 14

derived from 4 major sources:

• past performance
• vicarious experiences
• social or verbal persuasion
• physiological arousal

Question 15

self-efficacy

Answer 15

belief that a person can successfully carry out an action to produce a given behavior

Question 16

self-efficacy theory - person?

Answer 16

Bandura

Question 17

attribution theory - person?

Answer 17

weiner

Question 18

arousal - performance relationship: arousal

Answer 18

state of heightened physiologic and psychological activity (ex. fight or flight)

Question 19

inverted U hypothesis

Answer 19

heightened arousal enhances performance up to a point, after which further increases in arousal lead to decrements in performance

Question 20

catastrophe theory - motivation theory

Answer 20

• heightened arousal enhances performance up to a point, after which there will be a large and dramatic decline in performance

Question 21

reversal theory

Answer 21

• levels of arousal depend on certain circumstances (metamotivational state)
  
  • high arousal may be interpreted as anxiety (unpleasant) or excitement(pleasant)
  • low arousal may be interpreted as boredom (unpleasant) or relaxation ( plesant)

Question 22

high arousal may be interpreted as anxiety (________) or excitement (_______)

Answer 22

unpleasant

pleasant

Question 23

attention

Answer 23

ability to focus on a specific skill or activity; concentration

Question 24

4 components of attention

Answer 24

1. focusing on the relevant cues in the environment
2. maintaining the attentional focus over time
3. having awareness of the situaton
4. shifting attentional focus when necessary

Question 25

exercise and mental health: anxiety

Answer 25

state of uneasiness and apprehension related to future uncertainties (trait)

Question 26

exercise and mental health - depression

Answer 26

state of general emotional dejection and withdrawal

Question 27

exercise and mental health - psychological wellbeing

Answer 27

state of enhanced and improved psychological states

Question 28

theories of exercise and well-being: distraction hypothesis

Answer 28

when you exercise, you are distracted about anxiety

Question 29

theories of exercise and well-being : endorphin hypothesis

Answer 29

create better sense of well-being

Question 30

theories of exercise and well-being : thermogenic hypothesis

Answer 30

heat produced may help you mentally

Question 31

theories of exercise and well-being : monoamine hypothesis

Answer 31

may allow neurotransmitters to exist longer or have a more positive effect
- saratonin, dopamine, etc

Question 32

exercise behavior

Answer 32

regular physical activity promotes weight loss, reduce stress, reduce risk of disease, etc.

Question 33

models of exercise behavior: health behavior model

Answer 33

suspectability, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy

Question 34

models of exercise behavior: planned behavior/reasoned action

Answer 34

individual’s attitude toward behavior

- subjective norm

Question 35

models of exercise behavior - social cognitive theory

Answer 35

• interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors

Question 36

models of exercise behavior - transtheoretical theory

Answer 36

• precontemplation
• contemplation
• preparation
• action
• maintenance