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KNS Exam 2 > Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Tor f-> there is one best technique

A

False

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2
Q

What is studied at the Harvard fatigue lab

A

Altitude, temperature, fatigue

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3
Q

There are a wide range of topics covered in enhancing sport and performance training. What are some of these topics?

A

Physical adaptations to training, fluid and food recommendations, role of genetics in training, ergogenic aids, maximizing recovery

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4
Q

Creative and bicarbonate loading are examples of…

A

Ergogenic aids

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5
Q

Ergogenic aids are…

A

Supplements that help to improve performance → most aren’t FDA approved

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6
Q

Physical fitness recommendations focus on…

A

Intensity, frequency, duration, FITT-VP

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7
Q

FITT-VP

A

Frequency,intensity, time, type, volume, progression

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8
Q

A predisposition to be good at certain activities shows that - _- plays a key role in physical fitness.

A

Genetics

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9
Q

When is the growth hormone released

A

During times of stress, like exercise t sleep

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10
Q

Exercise brings -___– to the muscle during exercise

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Does insulin release go up or down during exercise?

A

Down - because muscles have a receptor that can bring glucose into the muscle without the need for this

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12
Q

If you want to increase the size of your muscles, you need to train in hypertrophy and increase…

A

Protein synthesis

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13
Q

Endurance athletes often train in a certain way so they don’t have to work for longer and more intense periods. In doing this, they are training around their…

A

Lactate threshhold

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14
Q

Exercise can be used like a…

A

Drug

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15
Q

Which 2 nutrients offer 4 kcal/gram

A

Carb and protein

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16
Q

9 kcal/gram

A

Fat

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17
Q

What metabolic pathway would be used during an activity that lasts less than 30 seconds (100m sprint) and yields 1 ATP?

A

ATP-PCr pathway

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18
Q

What does creative do in the ATP- PER pathway

A

Shares phosphate with ADP to make ATP (very fast)

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19
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis

A

No oxygen
A ten step process and primary producer of energy for 30 seconds - 3 minutes
Produces 2-3 ATP
400m sprint

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20
Q

What process breaks down glucose in order to make energy?

A

Glycolysis

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21
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Uses oxygen,
CHO = 32-33 ATP
Fat = >100

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22
Q

Using oxygen to add a phosphate to ADP is called…

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q

Smallest unit of a muscle…

A

Sarcomere (found in my ofibrils)

24
Q

What 2 filaments are in a sarcomere…

A

Actin (thin) myosin (thick)

25
Q

Three muscle fiber types…

A

Type 1; type IIa; type IIx

26
Q

How much of a persons muscle fibers are slow twitch

A

Half

27
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers

A

Smallest, slow twitch, slow-oxidative
Endurance runner

28
Q

Type IIa

A

Intermediate size, fast and slow twitch, fast-oxidative glycolytic
Soccer or hockey

29
Q

Type IIx

A

Large, fast twitch, fast - glycolytic
Sprinter

30
Q

Can you change the characteristics of your muscle fiber type?

A

Yes, with training

31
Q

Transient hypertrophy

A

Body water going to muscles to give a pump (doesn’t last very long)

32
Q

Fiber hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of the muscle

33
Q

Fiber hyperplasia

A

Splitting of muscle fibers

34
Q

After how long can you expect tosee permanent changes in muscle

A

8-10 weeks

35
Q

Blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen binds to…

A

Hemoglobin

36
Q

Equation for cardiac output

A

= heart rate * stroke volume
Units -> L/min

37
Q

Average cardiac output

A

5 L/ min

38
Q

Maximum heart rate

A

220 -age

39
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy

A

Muscle gets thicker/bigger with training, leading to more forceful contraction and more blood pushed out per beat

40
Q

VO2 max

A

Body’s maximal capacity to consume oxygen

41
Q

Average person VO2 max

A

40-45 mL/kg/min

42
Q

Elite athletes hav a VO2 max of…

A

Doublethe average

43
Q

Equation to find VO2 max

A

Fick equation

VO2 max= HRmax * SVmax * (a-v)O2diff

44
Q

Exercise increases/decreases ventilation…

A

Increases

45
Q

Ventilation

A

How frequently and how deeply we breath

46
Q

Lung size is based on…

A

Height

47
Q

With exercise, some things about the lungs that can change are…

A

Inspiration and vascularization around the alveoli

48
Q

What factors affect ventilation

A

Muscle ph, altitude

49
Q

Challenges of a hot environment…

A

Dehydration and increased core temp

50
Q

How does training in a hot environment affect blood volume?

A

Increases it

51
Q

Challenges in cold environment

A

Microclimates and decreased agility

52
Q

Common tools an exercise physiologist can use:

A

Metabolic cart, muscle biopsy, ECG, skin fold caliper, accelerometer, EMG, environmental chamber, ultrasound

53
Q

Special populations

A

Pregnant, children, clinical, diabetes, disease

KNS Exam 2 (3 decks)

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