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KNS Exam 2 > Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Tor f-> there is one best technique

A

False

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2
Q

What is studied at the Harvard fatigue lab

A

Altitude, temperature, fatigue

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3
Q

There are a wide range of topics covered in enhancing sport and performance training. What are some of these topics?

A

Physical adaptations to training, fluid and food recommendations, role of genetics in training, ergogenic aids, maximizing recovery

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4
Q

Creative and bicarbonate loading are examples of…

A

Ergogenic aids

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5
Q

Ergogenic aids are…

A

Supplements that help to improve performance → most aren’t FDA approved

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6
Q

Physical fitness recommendations focus on…

A

Intensity, frequency, duration, FITT-VP

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7
Q

FITT-VP

A

Frequency,intensity, time, type, volume, progression

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8
Q

A predisposition to be good at certain activities shows that - _- plays a key role in physical fitness.

A

Genetics

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9
Q

When is the growth hormone released

A

During times of stress, like exercise t sleep

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10
Q

Exercise brings -___– to the muscle during exercise

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Does insulin release go up or down during exercise?

A

Down - because muscles have a receptor that can bring glucose into the muscle without the need for this

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12
Q

If you want to increase the size of your muscles, you need to train in hypertrophy and increase…

A

Protein synthesis

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13
Q

Endurance athletes often train in a certain way so they don’t have to work for longer and more intense periods. In doing this, they are training around their…

A

Lactate threshhold

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14
Q

Exercise can be used like a…

A

Drug

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15
Q

Which 2 nutrients offer 4 kcal/gram

A

Carb and protein

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16
Q

9 kcal/gram

A

Fat

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17
Q

What metabolic pathway would be used during an activity that lasts less than 30 seconds (100m sprint) and yields 1 ATP?

A

ATP-PCr pathway

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18
Q

What does creative do in the ATP- PER pathway

A

Shares phosphate with ADP to make ATP (very fast)

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19
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis

A

No oxygen
A ten step process and primary producer of energy for 30 seconds - 3 minutes
Produces 2-3 ATP
400m sprint

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20
Q

What process breaks down glucose in order to make energy?

A

Glycolysis

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21
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Uses oxygen,
CHO = 32-33 ATP
Fat = >100

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22
Q

Using oxygen to add a phosphate to ADP is called…

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q

Smallest unit of a muscle…

A

Sarcomere (found in my ofibrils)

24
Q

What 2 filaments are in a sarcomere…

A

Actin (thin) myosin (thick)

25
Three muscle fiber types...
Type 1; type IIa; type IIx
26
How much of a persons muscle fibers are slow twitch
Half
27
Type 1 muscle fibers
Smallest, slow twitch, slow-oxidative Endurance runner
28
Type IIa
Intermediate size, fast and slow twitch, fast-oxidative glycolytic Soccer or hockey
29
Type IIx
Large, fast twitch, fast - glycolytic Sprinter
30
Can you change the characteristics of your muscle fiber type?
Yes, with training
31
Transient hypertrophy
Body water going to muscles to give a pump (doesn't last very long)
32
Fiber hypertrophy
Increase in size of the muscle
33
Fiber hyperplasia
Splitting of muscle fibers
34
After how long can you expect tosee permanent changes in muscle
8-10 weeks
35
Blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen binds to...
Hemoglobin
36
Equation for cardiac output
= heart rate * stroke volume Units -> L/min
37
Average cardiac output
5 L/ min
38
Maximum heart rate
220 -age
39
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Muscle gets thicker/bigger with training, leading to more forceful contraction and more blood pushed out per beat
40
VO2 max
Body's maximal capacity to consume oxygen
41
Average person VO2 max
40-45 mL/kg/min
42
Elite athletes hav a VO2 max of...
Doublethe average
43
Equation to find VO2 max
Fick equation VO2 max= HRmax * SVmax * (a-v)O2diff
44
Exercise increases/decreases ventilation...
Increases
45
Ventilation
How frequently and how deeply we breath
46
Lung size is based on...
Height
47
With exercise, some things about the lungs that can change are...
Inspiration and vascularization around the alveoli
48
What factors affect ventilation
Muscle ph, altitude
49
Challenges of a hot environment...
Dehydration and increased core temp
50
How does training in a hot environment affect blood volume?
Increases it
51
Challenges in cold environment
Microclimates and decreased agility
52
Common tools an exercise physiologist can use:
Metabolic cart, muscle biopsy, ECG, skin fold caliper, accelerometer, EMG, environmental chamber, ultrasound
53
Special populations
Pregnant, children, clinical, diabetes, disease

KNS Exam 2 (3 decks)

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