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exercise physiology > exercise phys exam 2 > Flashcards

exercise phys exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

lactate threshold

A

the point where there is a sudden increase in blood lactate concentration during the incremental test

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2
Q

Fick equation

A

vo2=CO x (a-v O2)

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3
Q

O2 drift

A

vo2 gradually increases despite intensity staying the same

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4
Q

what influences O2 drift

A
  • hot environment
  • high intensity
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5
Q

vo2 max

A

the plateau in vo2 despite intensity getting harder

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6
Q

RER equation

A

VCO2/VO2
produced/consumed

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7
Q

an RER of 1 is relying on what?

A

carbs

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8
Q

an RER of 0.70 is relying on what?

A

fats

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9
Q

crossover concept

A

rely less on fats and more on carbs as intensity increases

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10
Q

lactate during exercise acts as a?

A

signaling metabolite

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11
Q

lactate reduces what?

A

lipolysis

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12
Q

short term high intensity exercise relies on what system

A

ATP-PC system

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13
Q

as duration of high intensity exercise goes on, what do you rely on?

A

anaerobic glycolysis

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14
Q

prolonged low intensity exercise relies on what?

A

aerobic metabolism

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15
Q

what does aerobic metabolism use as fuel?

A

carbs and fats

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16
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

A

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

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17
Q

what molecule must be used to start the krebs cycle?

A

acetyl coa

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18
Q

what is the prep step?

A

pyruvate being converted to acetyl coa

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19
Q

how many NADH get formed from pyruvate

A

2 NADH

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20
Q

how many ATP does NADH yield?

A

2.5 ATP

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21
Q

how many ATP does FADH yield?

A

1.5 ATP

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22
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme of the krebs cycle?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

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23
Q

how many ATP is each acetyl coa worth?

A

10 ATP

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24
Q

why does the krebs cycle happen twice?

A

because there are 2 pyruvates that get converted into 2 acetyl coa

25
Q

how many molecules are yielded after the krebs cycle?

A

4 NADH (one comes from prep step)
1 FADH
1 ATP

26
Q

how many ATP do 4 H+ yield?

A

1 ATP

27
Q

what is the total yielded ATP from glycolysis and the krebs cycle when starting with glucose?

A

32 ATP

28
Q

the glycerol backbone is worth how many ATP?

A

19 ATP

29
Q

what enzyme breaks down triglycerides?

A

hormone sensitive lipase

30
Q

what are the fuel sources of aerobic metabolism?

A
  • pcr
  • glucose
  • glycogen
31
Q

what are the fuel sources for anaerobic metabolism?

A
  • fats
  • glucose
  • glycogen
32
Q

what is beta oxidation?

A

converting fatty acids to acetyl coa

33
Q

each cut of carbons yields how many ATP?

A

4 ATP

34
Q

what is the total yielded ATP from glycolysis and the krebs cycle when starting with glycogen?

A

33 ATP

35
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme of the atp pc system?

A

creatine kinase

36
Q

what is the rate limiting enzme of the electron transport chain?

A

cytochrome oxidase

37
Q

what is the first line of defense when you deplete ATP?

A

pcr system

38
Q

what is the end product of aerobic glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvate

39
Q

what is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

2 lactate

40
Q

what is the function of enzymes?

A

lower rate of activation

41
Q

what will an increase in temperature do to enzymes?

A

increase enzyme activity

42
Q

at rest what metabolism produces ATP

A

aerobic metabolism

43
Q

oxygen deficit

A

lag in oxygen uptake at beginning of exercise

44
Q

phase II of oxygen uptake kinetics how long it takes to get to?

A

63% of steady state

45
Q

phase III is what?

A

steady state

46
Q

a smaller oxygen deficit relies on?

A

less anerobic metabolism

47
Q

a bigger oxygen deficit relies on?

A

more anerobic metabolism

48
Q

what does EPOC stand for?

A

excess post exercise oxygen consumption

49
Q

what is EPOC?

A

when oxygen uptake remains elevated above rest into recovery

50
Q

what are the three energy systems?

A
  • ATP PC
  • glycolysis
  • oxidative phosphorylation
51
Q

during low intensity exercise, what is the main fuel source?

A

plasma FFA

52
Q

during high intensity exercise, what is the main fuel source?

A

muscle glycogen

53
Q

what are the muscle fuel sources?

A
  • muscle glycogen
  • plasma glucose
  • plasma FFA
  • muscle triglycerides
54
Q

In general, as exercise duration increases _____ are utilized less and _____ are utilized more

A

muscle stores, circulating sources

55
Q

Which of the following are true statements about a trained subject engaging in aerobic activity vs an untrained individual?

A

they produce less lactate

56
Q

Which of the following is true of hormone sensitive lipase?

A

it is inhibited by lactase

57
Q

rapid portion of EPOC

A
  • replenish muscle + blood O2 stores
  • resyntheis of stored pc
58
Q

slow portion of EPOC

A
  • lactate converts to glucose
  • elevated body temp
  • elevated HR and breathing
  • elevated epinephrine + norinephrine
59
Q

Which of the following is required to trap glucose in the cell, enabling glycolysis to occur?

A

hexokinase

exercise physiology (3 decks)

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