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exercise physiology > exam 1 nutrition > Flashcards

exam 1 nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of carbohydrates?

A
  • monosaccharides
  • disaccharides
  • polysaccharides`
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2
Q

what are the three types of monosaccharides

A
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
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3
Q

what are the three types of disaccharides

A
  • sucrose
  • lactose
  • maltose
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4
Q

what are the two types of polysaccharides

A
  • glycogen
  • starch
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5
Q

what makes an oligosaccaride?

A

3-10 sugar units

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6
Q

what are the epithelial cells of the small intestine?

A

enterocytes

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7
Q

what do enterocytes release?

A

brush border enzymes

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8
Q

what are the three brush border enzymes

A
  • lactase
  • maltase
  • sucrase
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9
Q

what is the purpose of brush border enzymes

A

to break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

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10
Q

where do monosaccarides get absorbed into?

A

enterocytes in the small intestine

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11
Q

two functions of enterocytes

A
  • secrete enzymes
  • absorb nutrients
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12
Q

which mechanism of nutrient absorption is used for glucose and galactose?

A

active transport

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13
Q

which mechanism of absorption is used for fructose

A

facilitated diffustion

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14
Q

glycogenesis

A

process of converting glucose to glycogen

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15
Q

where does glucose get used once absorbed

A

transported to tissues for energy or converted into glycogen for storage

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16
Q

lypogenesis

A

process of converting glucose to fat for storage

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17
Q

three types of lipids

A
  • triglycerides
  • phospholipids
  • sterols
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18
Q

what is the structure of triglycerides

A
  • glycerol backbone
  • 3 fatty acids
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19
Q

what is the structure of phospolipids

A
  • glycerol backbone
  • 2 fatty acids
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogen group (sometimes)
20
Q

what is the structure of a sterol

A

4 carbon-hydrogen connected rings

21
Q

what is the structure of a fatty acid

A
  • carbon-hydrogen chain
  • acid group (alpha side)
  • methyl group (omega end)
22
Q

short chain fatty acid

A

<8 carbons

23
Q

medium chain fatty acid

A

8-12 carbons

24
Q

long chain fatty acid

A

12+ carbons

25
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

all carbons are paired a hydrogen

26
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

more than one double bond

27
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid

A

one double bond

28
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

2+ double bonds

29
Q

free radical

A

unpaired electron, thus chemically unstable

30
Q

cis fatty acid

A

hydrogen on same side of double bond

31
Q

trans fatty acid

A

hydrogen on opposite side of double bond

32
Q

example of omega 3 FA

A

linoleic acid

33
Q

example of omega 6 FA

A

alpha-linoleic acid

34
Q

micelles

A

ball of monoglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins

35
Q

chylomicron

A

lipoprotein composed of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins

36
Q

what are the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

37
Q

what is a protein

A

chains of amino acids linked with peptide bonds

38
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20 amino acids

39
Q

what is an essential amino acid

A

amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be eaten in diet

40
Q

what is a non essential amino acid

A

amino acid that can be synthesized by the body

41
Q

what is a conditional amino acid?

A

a non-essential amino acid that needs to be essential due to certain circumstances

42
Q

what are the 9 essential amino acids

A

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Lysine
Leucine

43
Q

how do nonessential amino acids gets metabolized

A

through transmition

44
Q

nitrogen balance

A

nitrogen intake vs nitrogen excretion

45
Q

what enzymes are used in protein digestion

A
  • trypsin
  • carboxypeptidase
    chymotrypsin
46
Q

what is deanimation

A

removal of amine group

exercise physiology (3 decks)

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