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PHYSIO LAB > EXERCISE NO. 8 > Flashcards

EXERCISE NO. 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Exercise 8 Title

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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2
Q

functions primarily to transport blood throughout the body

A

cardiovascular system

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3
Q

Cardiovascular system is composed of (4)

A

heart, network of arteries, veins, and capillaries

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4
Q

average blood volume

adult male:
adult female:

A

adult male: 5 to 6 liters of blood
adult female: 4 to 5 liters of blood

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5
Q

The blood carries _____ and _____ to all of the living cells in the body, and also carries _______ from tissues to the systems of the body through which they are eliminated.

A

oxygen and essential nutrients
waste products

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6
Q

Most of the blood is made up of a watery, protein-laden fluid called _________. A little less than half of this blood volume is composed of ______ and __________, and other solid elements called ________.

A

plasma
red and white blood cells
platelets

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7
Q
  • increases the workload of the heart by increasing the force with which the heart must pump to provide the blood of the body
  • a concern for proper kidney functioning
A

High blood pressure

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8
Q
  • a concern for maintaining adequate blood pressure to the brain
  • may lead to fainting or dizziness
A

low blood pressure

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9
Q

For measurement of pulse rate, initially record a _______________

A

baseline pulse rate

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10
Q

What are the two arteries most commonly used for measurement of pulse rate?

A

radial artery (wrist) and carotid artery (neck)

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11
Q

body sites where the pulse is easily palpated / arteries that are easily palpated (9)

A
  1. Temporal artery
  2. Facial artery
  3. Carotid artery
  4. Brachial artery
  5. Radial artery
  6. Femoral artery
  7. Popliteal artery
  8. Posterior tibial artery
  9. Dorsalis pedis artery
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12
Q

For the auscultation of heart sounds, cardiac cycle of contraction (_______) and relaxation (______) can be followed by listening to the heart sounds with a ______________.

A

systole and diastole;
stethoscope

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13
Q

The contraction of the ventricles produces a rise in __________ pressure, resulting in the ______ of the surrounding structure.

A

intraventricular
vibration

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14
Q

Contraction of ventricles is primarily the vibration of the __________ valves that produces the first sound of the heart, usually verbalizes as “_____”

A

atrioventricular
lub

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15
Q

at the end of the contraction phase, the blood in the ______ and _______ pushes the one-way semilunar ______ shut, and the resulting vibration of these structures produces the second sound of the heart, which is verbalized as “_____”

A

aorta and pulmonary arteries; valves
dub

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16
Q

careful auscultation (__________) may reveal two components to each of the two heart sounds.

A

listening

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17
Q

The splitting of heart sounds is more evident during __________ (inhalation/exhalation)

A

inhalation

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18
Q

During _______,
- the first heart sound may be split into two sounds because tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves close at different times.
-the second heart sound may also be split into components because the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close at different times.

A

inhalation

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19
Q

cardiac condition which may be caused by an irregularity in valve, a septal defect, or the persistence after birth of the opening (foramen valve) between the right and left atria, resulting in a regurgitation of blood in reverse direction of normal flow.

A

heart murmurs

20
Q

may be due to heart block, septal defects, aortic stenosis, hypertension, or other abnormalities.

A

Abnormal splitting of the first and second heart sounds

21
Q

to best hear the first heart sound, auscultate the apex beat of the heart by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope in the _______________ intercostals space

A

fifth left intercostals space

22
Q

to best hear the second heart sound, place the stethoscope to the right and left of the ______ in the _______________ intercostals space

A

sternum,
second intercostals space

23
Q

extremely low blood pressure (_________)
extremely high blood pressure

A

hypotension
hypertension

24
Q

blood pressure can be indirectly determines with a _____________, which measures in millimeters of mercury rising in a glass column

A

sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)

25
Q

the greater the pressure ______ the rise of mercury

A

higher

26
Q

True or False

Blood pressure is uniform throughout the body

A

False

Blood pressure is not uniform throughout the body but is influenced by gravity

27
Q

is the pressure less or more (<, >, =)

  • arteries of the head and neck ______ heart
  • arteries in the leg _____heart
  • brachial artery ______ heart
A
  • < (less)
  • > (more)
  • = (equal), about the same level
28
Q

Auscultatory measure of blood pressure involves listening to sounds as blood passes through the brachial artery. Normally, _____ is heard through the stethoscope.

A

No sound

29
Q

When pressure is applied to the arm due to constriction from blood pressure cuff, the turbulence of the blood passing through the vessel creates _________. (just like when you pinch off garden hose)

A

sound

30
Q

The significant difference between the flow of blood in the body versus water in a garden hose is that the blood _______ through the arteries as the heart contracts during ___________.

A

pulses
ventricular systole

31
Q

The sounds made by the flow of blood in a constricted artery are known as the _____________

A

“sounds of Korotkov”

32
Q

normal blood pressure

A

approximately 120/80 mmHg

33
Q

hypertension range with the greatest concern is diastolic reading

A

140/90 mmHg

34
Q

The diastolic pressure should be less than _______

A

90 mmHg

35
Q

Hypotension range

A

90/60 mmHg

36
Q

artery used for auscultation of blood pressure

A

brachial artery

37
Q

Inflate the cuff up to ______

A

140 mmHg

38
Q
  • first sound when the needle valve descends or after releasing the knob
  • which is the pressure the heart generates that exceeds the pressure cuff
A

the systolic pressure of the ventricles

39
Q

at the exact level where the sound disappears is the _________

A

diastolic pressure

40
Q

bp is ___/____

A

systolic / diastolic

41
Q

normal heart rate

A

80 beats per minute

42
Q

age 20 blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

43
Q

Classification of blood pressure for adults age 18 and older

A

MEMORIZE TABLE!

44
Q

is determined by substracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

45
Q

normal pulse pressure

A

50 mmHg

46
Q

is equal to diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

47
Q

multiply the chest rises (15 s) by 4 to get

A

respiratory rate/minute

PHYSIO LAB (11 decks)

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