exercise in water

Question 1

outline the physical properties of water as a substance

Answer 1

• high density
• buoyant
• hydrostatic pressure (increases with depth)
• viscosity and drag
  -thrmodynamics

Question 2

what is density and briefly describe density of water

Answer 2

density = relationship between mass of an object and the amount of space it occupies
- water has high density

Question 3

what is archimedes principle of density

Answer 3

when an object is immersed in water, it displaces the same volume of water as the volume it occupies and receives an opposite force accordingly

Question 4

what is buoyancy

Answer 4

the reactive force of displacing water

Question 5

describe buoyancy in terms of exercise in water

Answer 5

-the more an object is submerged, the more buoyancy force is created and the less the object is subjected to gravity and mass
- buoyancy allows us to minimise weightbearing and forces, reduces loads through arthritic joints / fracture sites
- buoyancy can assist or resist depending on the direction of movement

Question 6

describe the hydrostatic pressure of water

Answer 6

hydrostatic pressure increases with depth - the deeper you go, the more pressure is exerted on you

Question 7

describe the effect that hydrostatic pressure of water has on the body

Answer 7

systems which rely on pressure are likely to see changes in their function
- fluids are driven from the extremities towards the centre of the body
- muscle blood supply increases followed by central cardiovascular system
- kidney filtration is increased and urine output increases (causes you to dehydrate quicker)
- thorax is compressed, increasing work of breathing

Question 8

water is a velocity- dependent resistor. what does this mean

Answer 8

the faster you try to move through water, the more resistance you will generate

Question 9

how can you alter the resistance of your patient to tweak exercises

Answer 9

if it is too easy, speed it up, if it is too hard, slow it down
increasing the surface area or friction of an object can make exercises harder
therapist can use turbulence to either assist or resist movements

Question 10

define drag

Answer 10

the force created by an object moving through fluid

Question 11

what temperature is a hydrotherapy pool typically kept at

Answer 11

33.5 to 35.5 degrees

Question 12

what are the benefits of having hydrotherapy poos at the temperature they’re at

Answer 12

increased blood flow
competitive stimulus for pain
reduced stiffness / spasticity
improved ROM
relaxation

Question 13

list the absolute contraindications of exercise in water

Answer 13

acute systemic illness / fever
acute vomiting / diarrhoea
medical instability following an acute episode
chlorine or bromine allergy
resting angina
shortness of breath at rest
uncontrolled cardiac failure
open infected wounds
known HIV and hepatitis C patients can’t enter pool while menstruating

Question 14

list the relative contraindications of exercise in water

Answer 14

irritated skin through course of radiotherapy
kniwn aneurysm
open wounds
poorly controlled epilepsy
unstable diabetes
weight in excess of evacuation equipment
oxygen dependency