Exercise and Muscle Disorders Flashcards
What is muscle fatigue?
muscle loses ability to contract after prolonged use
What is a muscle cramp?
a sustained involuntary contraction
What is oxygen debt?
not having enough oxygen causes lactic acid to accumulate in muscles, leads to soreness
What is hypertrophy?
muscles enlarge
What is atrophy?
muscles become weak and small due to disease
What is rigor mortis?
the stiffening of joints after death
What is tetanus?
causes cholinesterase to break down acetylcholine in the synapse, results in a person’s muscles to contract and not relax (no cure)
What is myotonia?
delayed relaxation if muscles after voluntary contraction, electrical simulation, or being startled
What is myasthenia gravis?
“grave muscular weakness”, autoimmune disease, acetylcholine receptors damaged
What is ALS?
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, motor nerves degenerate and stop sending messages to muscles, causing atrophy
What is muscular dystrophy?
there are many forms which cause a weakening of muscles
What is botox?
prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis
What is strychinine?
lowers threshold level for an action potential, making it more likely the muscles will contract, death occurs from convulsions and asphyxia
What is curare?
neuromuscular blocking agent, causes flaccidity in skeletal muscle by competing with acetylcholine
