exercise 8 Flashcards
vegetative organs of plants
roots, stem, leaves
reproductive organs of plants
flowers, fruits, seeds
lower surface or ventral side
abaxial
upper surface or dorsal side
adaxial
at or near the tip
apical
at or near the bottom
basal
pertaining to the border or edge
marginal
what plant was used to examine the external morphology of the root?
monocot: grass
dicot: mayana
what are the parts of the root longitudinal section (root tip) ?
-region of cell differentiation
- region of elongation
-region of maturation
-root cap
meristematic tissue near the root cap
region of cell differentiation
rows of newly produced cells as they begin to grow larger
region of elongation
where cells are differentiated into types; area with root hairs
region of maturation
dead cells at the tip of the root; provides protection
root cap
what plant was used to examine the anatomy of a dicot root
ranunculus
what are the parts of a dicot root
-epidermis
-cortex
-endodermis
-pericycle
-stele (protostele)
-xylem
-phloem
outermost layer of the root
epidermis
next to epidermis; composed of several cell layers (root)
cortex
next to cortex; single cell layer (root)
endodermis
next to endodermis; 1-2 cell layers; where branch roots arise
pericycle
primary vascular tissues bounded by the pericycle
stele (protostele)
transports water and nutrients
xylem
transports food
phloem
what plant was used to examine the anatomy of a monocot root?
zea mays
parts of a monocot root
-epidermis
-cortex
-endodermis
-pericycle
-stele (protostele)
-xylem
-phloem
-pith
centrally located ground tissue; for storage (root)
pith
mayana
plectranthus sp.
what plant was used to examine the external morphology of the stem?
mayana (plectranthus sp)
meristematic region at the tip of the stem
terminal bud
point of leaf attachment along the stem
nodes
from one node to another (stem)
internodes
meristematic region at the nodes (stem)
axillary bud
kakauati (sa stem gi use)
gliricidia sepium
what plant was used to examine the anatomy of a dicot stem?
helianthus sp
parts of a dicot stem
-epidermis
-cortex
-vascular bundle
-pith
occurs in a ring pattern; for transport of nutrients (stem)
vascular bundle (dicot stem)
what plant was used to examine the anatomy of a monocot stem?
zea mays
parts of a monocot stem
-epidermis
-cortex
-vascular bundle
scattered all throughout; transport of nutrients (stem)
vascular bundle (monocot)
parts of the external morphology of a leaf
-midrib
-blade
-vein
-petiole
what was used to examine the anatomy of a dicot leaf?
ixora sp
parts of the anatomy of a dicot leaf
-upper epidermis
-lower epidermis
-vascular bundle
-palisade mesophyll layer
-spongy mesophyll layer
what was used to examine the anatomy of a monocot leaf?
zea mays
parts of a monocot leaf
-upper epidermis
-vascular bundle
-mesophyll layer
what are the two systems of a plant?
root and shoot
this system provides overall structure, collects and produces food, and transports fluid
shoot system
this system grows down, absorbs water and nutrients, and stores food
root system
carrot (metamorphosed root)
daucus carota
sweet potato (metamorphosed root)
ipomoea batatas
mangrove (metamorphosed root)
rhizophora mangle
distinctive feature and function of a carrot root
enlarged and elongated tap roots; storage organ, food source, allows the plant to survive unfavorable moments
distinctive feature and function of a sweet potato root
enlarged and tapered storage roots; store food and high amount of fiber, food source
distinctive feature and function of a mangrove root
elongated pneumatophores above the soil; gas exchange
prickly pear cactus (stem)
crown of thorns (euphorbia milli)
indian comb
pachycereus pectenaboriginum
onion
allium cepa
distinctive feature and function of a prickly pear cactus stem
spiny stem; for protection, avoid water loss, maintain structure
distinctive feature and function of an indian comb stem
succulent; water reservoir, carry out photosynthesis
distinctive feature and function of an onion stem
bulb; store nutrients that the plant may utilize in the period of dormancy
what plant was used to examine the external morphology of a dicot leaf?
celtis australis
what plant was used to examine the external morphology of a monocot leaf?
phalaris arundinacea
do monocots have petioles?
some monocots, including palm trees, have petioles. most do not (they have a distinct sheath)
tightly packed photosynthetic cells (upper part of leaf)
palisade mesophyll layer
loosely arranged with air spaces (lower part of leaf)
spongy mesophyll layer
prickly pear cactus (leaf)
opuntia ficus-indica
bougainvillea (leaf)
bougainvillea glabra
tendrils of creeping cucumber
melothiria pendula violales
distinctive feature and function of a prickly pear cactus leaf
spine; protection, offer shade and regulate temperature
distinctive feature and function of a bougainvillea leaf
act like a colorful bodyguard to attract pollinators
distinctive feature and function of a creeping cucumber leaf
tendrils; tool to climbb and latch onto various support structure
