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MCB 101 Lab > Exercise 7_ Bacterial Capsule > Flashcards

Exercise 7_ Bacterial Capsule Flashcards

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1
Q

mainly composed of polysaccharides but may contain polyalcohol and polyamines

A

capsules

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2
Q

capsules are composed of (3)

A

polysaccharides polyalcohol polyamines

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3
Q

location of capsule in gram positive bacteria

A

external to the cell wall

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4
Q

bacteria with capsule that is external to the cell wall

A

gram positive bacteri

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5
Q

location of capsule in gram negative bacteria

A

external to the outer membrane

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6
Q

bacteria with capsule that is external to the outer membrane

A

gram negative bacteria

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7
Q

this refers to when the material is tightly bound and remains attached to the cells and there is a defined shape

A

capsule

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8
Q

this refers to when the material is loosely bound and there is no distinct boundary

A

slime layer or glycocalyx

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9
Q

slime layer is also known as

A

glycocalyx

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10
Q

glycocalyx is also known a

A

slime layer

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11
Q

functions of capsules

A
  • allow the cells adherence to surfaces - protects cells from desiccation, chemical and physical inhibitory factors - contribute to biofilm formation - can boost bacteria’s virulence (protecting them from the host’s immune system) - confer to the cells antigenic determinants leading to variation in pathogenicity - resist phagocytosis - exclusion of bacterial viruses and hydrophobic toxic materials
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12
Q

what were developed based on bacterial antigenicity

A

some vaccines

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13
Q

some vaccines were developed based on the ____ ___ of a bacteria

A

capsule antigenicity

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14
Q

aids that can help visualize the capsule/slime layers

A
  • electron microscopy - phase contrast microscopy - various staining techniques - special media
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15
Q

3 staining methods employed in this exercise

A
  • Duguid’s method/negative staining - anthony’s method - maneval’s staining method
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16
Q

_____ ____ with the use of ink will provide a colored background as the large particles of ink will neither penetrate the tight layers of the capsule nor stain the bacterium

A

negative staining

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17
Q

negative staining will only stain the _____ of the cells as the large particles of the ink will neither penetrate the tight layers of the capsule nor stain the bacterium

A

background

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18
Q

charge of basic dye

A

positive

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19
Q

basic dye interacts with the ____ ions of the bacterial cell wal

A

negative

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20
Q

it interacts with the negative ions of bacterial cell

A

basic dye

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21
Q

charge of acidic stain

A

negative

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22
Q

acidic stain is used to color which part of the specimen>?.

A

background

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23
Q

basic stain is used to color which part of the specimen>?.

A

cells

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24
Q

indication of capsulated cells after staining

A

clear halo b/w the colored background and the stained cell

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25
Q

what does the clear halo b/w the colored background and the stained cell indicates

A

presence of capsule

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26
Q

examples of mordants

A

metal ions alcohol acetic acid

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27
Q

function of mordant

A

precipitate the capsular material to make it visible

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28
Q

this aid in the precipitation of capsular material for better visualization

A

mordant

29
Q

control organisms used for this exercise

A

B polymyxa

30
Q

culture media utilized for this exercise

A

Nutrient agar w/ 2% glucose Nutrient agar w/ 2% sucrose

31
Q

percent concentration of the glucose and sucrose added to NA

A

0.02

32
Q

mounting medium of negative staining/duguid’s method

A

india ink/nigrosin

33
Q

this method utilizes india ink/nigrosin as mounting medium

A

negative staining/duguid’s method

34
Q

can mounts for capsular observation be heat fixed?

A

NO

35
Q

Mounting medium of anthony’s method

A

6% glucose soln

36
Q

this method uses 6% glucose soln as a mounting medium

A

anthony’s method

37
Q

percent concentration of the glucose solution for anthony’s method

A

0.06

38
Q

primary stain of anthony’s method

A

crystal violet

39
Q

time requirement in using crystal violet as a primary staining agent in anthony’s method

A

2 min

40
Q

instead of water, this is used to wash crystal violet in anthony’s method

A

copper sulfate

41
Q

in duguids method/negative staining the capsules will appear as ____ ____

A

clear zones

42
Q

this method results to capsules being seen as clear zones, with refractile cells and brownish-black background

A

negative staining/duguids method

43
Q

in duguid’s method/negative staining the cells will appear as

A

refractile cells

44
Q

in duguid’s method/negative staining the background will appear as

A

brownish black

45
Q

this method results to capsules being seen as light blue to colorless, with blue/dark purple cells

A

anthony’s method

46
Q

in anthony’s method the capsules will appear as

A

light blue to colorless

47
Q

in anthony’s method the cell will appear as

A

blue/dark purple

48
Q

mounting medium of maneval’s staining method

A

congo red

49
Q

which method uses congo red as a mounting medium

A

maneval’s staining method

50
Q

after emulsifying the samples in congo red, the next staining agent is

A

maneval’s stain

51
Q

time requirement in using maneval’s stain in anthony’s method maneval’s staining method

A

5-10 mins

52
Q

bakit naglalagay ng tissue sa ibabaw ng smear preps before maglagay ng staining agents

A

para walang debris na matransfer dun sa sample

53
Q

amount of india ink/nigrosin that is mounted in the glass slide

A

loopful

54
Q

amount of 6% glucose solution that is mounted in the glass slide

A

loopfu

55
Q

amount of congo red that is mounted in the glass slide

A

a drop

56
Q

what do we use to rinse the maneval’s stain

A

water

57
Q

in anthony’s method, this component helps prevent the capsule shrinkage

A

glucose solution

58
Q

pH indicator component of maneval’s staining metho

A

congo red

59
Q

at or below pH 3.0 congo red turns to

A

blue

60
Q

at what pH congo red turns to blue

A

pH 3.0

61
Q

above pH 5.2 congo red turns to

A

red

62
Q

at what pH congo red turns to red

A

above pH 5.2

63
Q

the component of maneval’s staining method that increases the penetration of the stain

A

phenol

64
Q

the component of maneval’s staining method that acts as a chemical fixativ

A

FeCl3

65
Q

the component of maneval’s staining method that penetrates the exopolysaccharide layer of the cell

A

acid fuchsin

66
Q

the component of maneval’s staining method that changes the background from red to blue

A

acetic acid

67
Q

why are smears for capsule staining not fixed by heat?

A
  • highly hydrated molecule, can be diminished, desiccated, distorted, or destroyed by heating - can alter the overall morphology of the bacterial cells - produce a clear area around the cell that can mistakenly be identifies as a capsul
68
Q

condition/s where the capsule is formed

A
  • response to nutrient limitation or stress conditions

MCB 101 Lab (7 decks)

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