Exercise 6 - Pig Circulatory System Flashcards
vein direction
toward the heart
artery direction
away from the heart
two basic artery designations
systemic (blood flow to body), pulmonary (blood flow to lungs)
arterial walls
have inherent thickness; composed of smooth muscles and elastic fibers
which are usually larger, veins or arteries?
veins
veins or arteries: which rely on a system of one-way valves to maintain the movement of blood ____ the heart, under lower pressure than found in the other?
veins (toward the heart)
artery path
artery –> arteriole –> capillary –> cells of organs
vein path
organs –> venules –> veins
four distinct heart chambers
two thin-walled atria, two thick, muscular ventricles
atria
attached contiguously to the anterior ends of the respective ventricles; receive blood from the veins and pump to ventricles
ventricles
pump blood to lungs (right) and body (left)
path of blood flow through heart
anterior/posterior vena cava –> right atrium –> right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> semilunar valve –> pulmonary artery –> lung –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aortic arch –> brachiocephalic artery, common carotid, subclavian arteries (all anterior), dorsal aorta (dorsal)
largest chamber with thickest wall
left ventricle
function of atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
prevent blood from flowing backward along the pathway, contribute to producing the pressure gradients necessary to move the blood
leak in valves leads to…
…heart murmur
foramen ovale
opening between atria which allows the blood of the fetus to bypass the not yet functioning lungs
blue baby syndrome caused by, also known as
non-closure of the foramen ovale, cyanotic heart disease
location of common carotid arteries
on either side of the trachea
common carotid arteries divide into these as they flow anteriorly
internal and external carotid arteries
internal carotid arteries supply…
… the brain with blood
external carotid arteries carry blood to…
… the face, tongue, etc.
veins carrying deoxygenated blood back from the head
internal and external jugular veins
external jugular vein is divided into what anteriorly
external and internal maxillary veins
external and internal maxillary veins do what
drain blood from the face, tongue, and jaw
two major veins that return blood to the right atrium from the head and forelimbs and remaining trunk and hind limbs
head and forelimbs: anterior (cranial) (humans: superior) vena cava
remaining trunk and hind limbs: posterior (caudal) (humans: inferior) vena cava
the pulmonary trunk rises from the ___ and carries _____ blood toward the ___ via the ______
right ventricle; deoxygenated; lungs; right and left pulmonary arteries
arteries and veins that feed the actual muscle and tissue of the heart
coronary arteries and veins
the source of fetal oxygen and nutrition
placenta
ductus arteriosus
short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta
umbilical arteries
branch from the dorsal/descending aorta and carry some of the blood through the umbilicus and out to the placenta
exits the heart anteriorly
dorsal aorta
large single artery separating anteriorly from the dorsal aorta to form the two common carotid arteries
brachiocephalic trunk
the ___ subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk and the ___ subclavian branches directly from the aortic arch
right; left
the _____ arteries are not symmetrical
subclavian
where do the subclavian arteries send blood?
the forelimbs
location of axillary vein
armpit area
location of lateral thoracic vein
parallels the external surface of the rib cage
brachial veins branch into
radial and ulnar veins
subclavian vein becomes…
axillary vein, lateral thoraciv vein, subscapular vein, brachial vein, which branches into radial and ulnar veins
the two exceptions to arteries carrying blood to a single network of smaller vessels called capillaries before the blood is collected into the veins and carried back to the heart
liver and kidney
how blood travels to liver and kidney
blood leaves one capillary bed and is transported by a portal vein to another capillary bed, eventually reconvening in the vena cava and returning to the heart
hepatic portal system
the group of arteries and veins associated with the liver
drains the large and small intestines, spleen, pancreas, stomach of nutrient-enriched blood –> then carried to liver via hepatic portal vein
what happens in the liver?
large amounts of sugars and toxins are filtered from the blood before being transferred to the vena cava
vein that drains the spleen and stomach
gastrospleenic vein
vein that drains the pyloric end of the stomach
gastric vein
veins and arteries servicing the intestines
anterior mesenteric veins/arteries
sends branches into the liver and through the ductus venosus directly into the posterior vena cava
umbilical vein
blood from the liver empties into the
posterior vena cava
what changes after birth?
lungs and liver to full capacity
umbilical vessels break down, ductus venosus shuts down, foramen ovale begins to cover over
artery supplying the kidney with blood
renal artery
blood leaves kidney through
renal vein
renal artery connects directly to the
dorsal aorta
renal vein connects directly to the
posterior vena cava
form the major divisions of the dorsal aorta and posterior vena cava
common iliac artery and vein, respectively
internal iliac arteries supply:
rectum, bladder, gluteal muscles
external iliac arteries supply:
legs and feet
femoral artery
relatively large branch of the external iliac supplying the muscles of the upper leg
anterior vena cava
brings deoxygenated blood from upper body down to heart
anterior mesenteric artery
sends blood to the intestine
anterior mesenteric vein
takes blood from the intestine
brachiocephalic trunk
a large single artery (coming from dorsal aorta) that forms the two common carotid arteries
common carotid artery
blood to head region
common iliac vein
the major division of the posterior vena cava
coronary arteries
supply the heart muscle with blood
coronary veins
remove the blood that fed the heart muscle
dorsal aorta
the blood leaves the heart and flows into this; the brachiocephalic trunk splits off and the rest goes to the lower part of the body
ductus arteriosus
short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta
connects pulmonary artery to aorta (bypasses lungs)
ductus venosus
umbilical vein –> posterior vena cava through this
external iliac artery
supplies legs and feet with blood
external iliac vein
returns blood from legs and feet
external jugular vein
drain blood from face, tongue, and jaw
femoral artery
supplies muscles of the upper leg with blood
femoral vein
returns blood from muscles of upper leg
internal jugular vein
returns blood from brain
internal iliac artery
supplies blood to the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles
internal iliac vein
returns blood from the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles
left pulmonary artery
supplies blood to the left lung
left pulmonary vein
returns blood from the left lung to the left atrium
left subclavian artery
supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches directly from the aortic arch
left subclavian vein
returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava
renal artery
supplies blood to the kidney; connects directly to the dorsal aorta
renal vein
drains blood from the kidney; connects directly to the posterior vena cava
right pulmonary artery
supplies blood to the right lung
right pulmonary vein
returns blood from the right lung to the left atrium
right subclavian artery
supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk
right subclavian vein
returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava
posterior vena cava
main thing that brings blood back to the heart from the trunk and hind limbs (to the right atrium)
pulmonary trunk
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle/semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries
umbilical artery
carries blood through the umbilical cord and out to the placenta
umbilical vein
brings blood back from placenta to posterior vena cava
How are developing fetuses supplied with oxygen?
oxygen-rich blood passes from the mother to the fetus via the umbilical vein
What major veins and arteries are in the legs?
external iliac arteries/veins, femoral arteries/veins
Which direction does blood flow into the carotid arteries (from where to where)?
brachiocephalic trunk –> head (internal and external) (brain, face/tongue/jaw)
Which direction does blood flow in the jugular veins (from where to where)?
head –> anterior vena cava
What is the difference between the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale?
ductus arteriosus: allows blood to skip the lungs (connects pulmonary arteries to aorta)
ductus venosus: brings blood from the umbilical cord straight to the posterior vena cava
foramen ovale: allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium
