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Biology 1114 > Exercise 6 - Pig Circulatory System > Flashcards

Exercise 6 - Pig Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

vein direction

A

toward the heart

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2
Q

artery direction

A

away from the heart

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3
Q

two basic artery designations

A

systemic (blood flow to body), pulmonary (blood flow to lungs)

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4
Q

arterial walls

A

have inherent thickness; composed of smooth muscles and elastic fibers

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5
Q

which are usually larger, veins or arteries?

A

veins

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6
Q

veins or arteries: which rely on a system of one-way valves to maintain the movement of blood ____ the heart, under lower pressure than found in the other?

A

veins (toward the heart)

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7
Q

artery path

A

artery –> arteriole –> capillary –> cells of organs

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8
Q

vein path

A

organs –> venules –> veins

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9
Q

four distinct heart chambers

A

two thin-walled atria, two thick, muscular ventricles

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10
Q

atria

A

attached contiguously to the anterior ends of the respective ventricles; receive blood from the veins and pump to ventricles

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11
Q

ventricles

A

pump blood to lungs (right) and body (left)

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12
Q

path of blood flow through heart

A

anterior/posterior vena cava –> right atrium –> right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> semilunar valve –> pulmonary artery –> lung –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aortic arch –> brachiocephalic artery, common carotid, subclavian arteries (all anterior), dorsal aorta (dorsal)

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13
Q

largest chamber with thickest wall

A

left ventricle

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14
Q

function of atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

A

prevent blood from flowing backward along the pathway, contribute to producing the pressure gradients necessary to move the blood

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15
Q

leak in valves leads to…

A

…heart murmur

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16
Q

foramen ovale

A

opening between atria which allows the blood of the fetus to bypass the not yet functioning lungs

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17
Q

blue baby syndrome caused by, also known as

A

non-closure of the foramen ovale, cyanotic heart disease

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18
Q

location of common carotid arteries

A

on either side of the trachea

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19
Q

common carotid arteries divide into these as they flow anteriorly

A

internal and external carotid arteries

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20
Q

internal carotid arteries supply…

A

… the brain with blood

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21
Q

external carotid arteries carry blood to…

A

… the face, tongue, etc.

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22
Q

veins carrying deoxygenated blood back from the head

A

internal and external jugular veins

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23
Q

external jugular vein is divided into what anteriorly

A

external and internal maxillary veins

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24
Q

external and internal maxillary veins do what

A

drain blood from the face, tongue, and jaw

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25
Q

two major veins that return blood to the right atrium from the head and forelimbs and remaining trunk and hind limbs

A

head and forelimbs: anterior (cranial) (humans: superior) vena cava
remaining trunk and hind limbs: posterior (caudal) (humans: inferior) vena cava

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26
Q

the pulmonary trunk rises from the ___ and carries _____ blood toward the ___ via the ______

A

right ventricle; deoxygenated; lungs; right and left pulmonary arteries

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27
Q

arteries and veins that feed the actual muscle and tissue of the heart

A

coronary arteries and veins

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28
Q

the source of fetal oxygen and nutrition

A

placenta

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29
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta

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30
Q

umbilical arteries

A

branch from the dorsal/descending aorta and carry some of the blood through the umbilicus and out to the placenta

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31
Q

exits the heart anteriorly

A

dorsal aorta

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32
Q

large single artery separating anteriorly from the dorsal aorta to form the two common carotid arteries

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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33
Q

the ___ subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk and the ___ subclavian branches directly from the aortic arch

A

right; left

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34
Q

the _____ arteries are not symmetrical

A

subclavian

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35
Q

where do the subclavian arteries send blood?

A

the forelimbs

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36
Q

location of axillary vein

A

armpit area

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37
Q

location of lateral thoracic vein

A

parallels the external surface of the rib cage

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38
Q

brachial veins branch into

A

radial and ulnar veins

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39
Q

subclavian vein becomes…

A

axillary vein, lateral thoraciv vein, subscapular vein, brachial vein, which branches into radial and ulnar veins

40
Q

the two exceptions to arteries carrying blood to a single network of smaller vessels called capillaries before the blood is collected into the veins and carried back to the heart

A

liver and kidney

41
Q

how blood travels to liver and kidney

A

blood leaves one capillary bed and is transported by a portal vein to another capillary bed, eventually reconvening in the vena cava and returning to the heart

42
Q

hepatic portal system

A

the group of arteries and veins associated with the liver
drains the large and small intestines, spleen, pancreas, stomach of nutrient-enriched blood –> then carried to liver via hepatic portal vein

43
Q

what happens in the liver?

A

large amounts of sugars and toxins are filtered from the blood before being transferred to the vena cava

44
Q

vein that drains the spleen and stomach

A

gastrospleenic vein

45
Q

vein that drains the pyloric end of the stomach

A

gastric vein

46
Q

veins and arteries servicing the intestines

A

anterior mesenteric veins/arteries

47
Q

sends branches into the liver and through the ductus venosus directly into the posterior vena cava

A

umbilical vein

48
Q

blood from the liver empties into the

A

posterior vena cava

49
Q

what changes after birth?

A

lungs and liver to full capacity

umbilical vessels break down, ductus venosus shuts down, foramen ovale begins to cover over

50
Q

artery supplying the kidney with blood

A

renal artery

51
Q

blood leaves kidney through

A

renal vein

52
Q

renal artery connects directly to the

A

dorsal aorta

53
Q

renal vein connects directly to the

A

posterior vena cava

54
Q

form the major divisions of the dorsal aorta and posterior vena cava

A

common iliac artery and vein, respectively

55
Q

internal iliac arteries supply:

A

rectum, bladder, gluteal muscles

56
Q

external iliac arteries supply:

A

legs and feet

57
Q

femoral artery

A

relatively large branch of the external iliac supplying the muscles of the upper leg

58
Q

anterior vena cava

A

brings deoxygenated blood from upper body down to heart

59
Q

anterior mesenteric artery

A

sends blood to the intestine

60
Q

anterior mesenteric vein

A

takes blood from the intestine

61
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

a large single artery (coming from dorsal aorta) that forms the two common carotid arteries

62
Q

common carotid artery

A

blood to head region

63
Q

common iliac vein

A

the major division of the posterior vena cava

64
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply the heart muscle with blood

65
Q

coronary veins

A

remove the blood that fed the heart muscle

66
Q

dorsal aorta

A

the blood leaves the heart and flows into this; the brachiocephalic trunk splits off and the rest goes to the lower part of the body

67
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta
connects pulmonary artery to aorta (bypasses lungs)

68
Q

ductus venosus

A

umbilical vein –> posterior vena cava through this

69
Q

external iliac artery

A

supplies legs and feet with blood

70
Q

external iliac vein

A

returns blood from legs and feet

71
Q

external jugular vein

A

drain blood from face, tongue, and jaw

72
Q

femoral artery

A

supplies muscles of the upper leg with blood

73
Q

femoral vein

A

returns blood from muscles of upper leg

74
Q

internal jugular vein

A

returns blood from brain

75
Q

internal iliac artery

A

supplies blood to the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles

76
Q

internal iliac vein

A

returns blood from the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles

77
Q

left pulmonary artery

A

supplies blood to the left lung

78
Q

left pulmonary vein

A

returns blood from the left lung to the left atrium

79
Q

left subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches directly from the aortic arch

80
Q

left subclavian vein

A

returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava

81
Q

renal artery

A

supplies blood to the kidney; connects directly to the dorsal aorta

82
Q

renal vein

A

drains blood from the kidney; connects directly to the posterior vena cava

83
Q

right pulmonary artery

A

supplies blood to the right lung

84
Q

right pulmonary vein

A

returns blood from the right lung to the left atrium

85
Q

right subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk

86
Q

right subclavian vein

A

returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava

87
Q

posterior vena cava

A

main thing that brings blood back to the heart from the trunk and hind limbs (to the right atrium)

88
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle/semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries

89
Q

umbilical artery

A

carries blood through the umbilical cord and out to the placenta

90
Q

umbilical vein

A

brings blood back from placenta to posterior vena cava

91
Q

How are developing fetuses supplied with oxygen?

A

oxygen-rich blood passes from the mother to the fetus via the umbilical vein

92
Q

What major veins and arteries are in the legs?

A

external iliac arteries/veins, femoral arteries/veins

93
Q

Which direction does blood flow into the carotid arteries (from where to where)?

A

brachiocephalic trunk –> head (internal and external) (brain, face/tongue/jaw)

94
Q

Which direction does blood flow in the jugular veins (from where to where)?

A

head –> anterior vena cava

95
Q

What is the difference between the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale?

A

ductus arteriosus: allows blood to skip the lungs (connects pulmonary arteries to aorta)
ductus venosus: brings blood from the umbilical cord straight to the posterior vena cava
foramen ovale: allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Biology 1114 (3 decks)

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