Exercise 11

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

the difference in survival and reproduction that occurs among individuals of a population that differ in one or more alleles

Question 2

the difference in survival and reproduction that occurs among individuals of a population that differ in one or more alleles

Answer 2

natural selection

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area

Question 4

a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area

Answer 4

population

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

one or more populations that closely resemble each other, interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring

Question 6

one or more populations that closely resemble each other, interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring

Answer 6

species

Question 7

Greater fitness

Answer 7

individuals that survive and reproduce will perpetuate more of their alleles in the population

Question 8

Anthropologists

Answer 8

scientists who study human origin and cultures piece together the story of human evolution through the study of fossils, biochemistry, and anatomy

Question 9

scientists who study human origin and cultures piece together the story of human evolution through the study of fossils, biochemistry, and anatomy

Answer 9

Anthropologists

Question 10

Hominids

Answer 10

all species on the evolutionary branch leading to modern humans

Question 11

all species on the evolutionary branch leading to modern humans

Answer 11

hominids

Question 12

Evolution is…

Answer 12

the process that results in changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time

Question 13

The major mechanism of evolution is…

Answer 13

natural selection

Question 14

An organism whose genetic makeup allows it to produce more offspring than another of its species is said to have greater…

Answer 14

fitness

Question 15

The earth was formed approximately…

Answer 15

4.6 billion years ago

Question 16

The first living organisms appeared on the earth approximately…

Answer 16

3.8 billion years ago

Question 17

Hominids with evolutionarily advanced skull characteristics would have…

Answer 17

a large cranium with prominent vertical forehead

Question 18

The human ancestor whose populations dispersed from Africa to other parts of the world was…

Answer 18

Homo erectus

Question 19

A catastrophic global event in which major groups of species disappear is called…

Answer 19

mass extinction

Question 20

The organism believed to be the common ancestor of modern apes and humans is…

Answer 20

Australopithecus africanus

Question 21

Fossils

Answer 21

1. remains of organisms
2. are formed when organic materials are placed with minerals
3. provide evidence of evolution

Question 22

Adaptive radiation

Answer 22

a lineage fills a wide range of habitats in a burst of evolutionary activity (follows mass extinction)

Question 23

Primitive teeth

Answer 23

many large, specialized

Question 24

Primitive jaw

Answer 24

Jaw and muzzle long

Question 25

Primitive cranium (braincase)

Answer 25

Cranium small, forehead receding

Question 26

Primitive muscle attachments

Answer 26

Prominent eyebrow ridges

Question 27

Primitive nose

Answer 27

Nose not protruding from face

Question 28

Advanced teeth

Answer 28

fewer, smaller, less specialized

Question 29

Advanced jaw

Answer 29

Jaw and muzzle short

Question 30

Advanced cranium (braincase)

Answer 30

cranium large, prominent vertical forehead

Question 31

Advanced muscle attachments

Answer 31

much reduced eyebrow ridges, no keel

Question 32

Advanced nose

Answer 32

Prominent nose with distinct bridge