Exercise 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

If all conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are met

A

Allele frequencies stay the same

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2
Q

if a population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and p equals .6

A

q equals .4

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3
Q

Natural selection operates directly on

A

The phenotype

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4
Q

The process that discriminates between phenotypes with respect to their ability to produce offspring is known as

A

Natural selection

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5
Q

Two populations that have no gene flow between them are more likely to

A

Become different with time

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6
Q

The process that results in individuals of two populations losing the ability to interbreed is referred to as

A

Speciation

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7
Q

Two ways in which new alleles can become incorporated in a population are

A

Mutation and gene flow

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8
Q

If a new allele appears in a population, the Hardy Weinberg formula

A

Can be expanded by adding more terms

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9
Q

A shift from the expected allele frequencies, resulting from chance, is known as

A

Genetic drift

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10
Q

Genetic drift is a process that has a greater effect on populations that

A

Are small

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11
Q

What effect does increasing gene flow between two populations have on their genetic makeup?

A

Increasing gene flow tends to result in two populations becoming increasingly similar from a genetic standpoint

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12
Q

How can selection cause two populations to become different with time?

A

Selection can cause two populations to become different with time in that the selection pressures on the two populations will likely be different. That is, the two populations may experience different predators, competitors, weather patterns, parasites, disease etc. Thus, The two populations will evolve in different directions

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13
Q

Describe how the effects of directional selection can be offset by gene flow

A

Gene flow brings variation back into the population that may counter directional selection. Directional selection is selection for one phenotype. Gene flow should bring in new alleles that enhances the preservation perhaps one of the other phenotypes

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14
Q

In addition to mutation, what other mechanism allows for new genetic information to be introduced into a population? Explain your answer

A

Gene flow allows for genetic information to be introduced into a population (in addition to mutation)

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15
Q

What is the fate of most new mutations?

A

Most new mutations do not end up expressing themselves at all in the phenotypes. They have no effect usually

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16
Q

If a population has three codominant color alleles, how many phenotypes are possible?

A

six phenotypes

17
Q

What effects can nonrandom mating exert on a population?

A

Nonrandom meeting will tend to reduce variation in the population over time

18
Q

What two evolutionary agents are most responsible for decreases in genetic variation in a population?

A

Genetic drift (founder effect, bottleneck effect) and nonrandom meeting

19
Q

If a population has three color alleles and one is dominant over the other two, how many phenotype are possible?

A

Four

20
Q

In humans, birth weight is an example of a characteristic affected by stabilizing selection. What does this mean to the long-term average birthweight of human babies? How might the increasing number of Caesarean sections be affecting this characteristic?

A

Caesarean sections may result in a shift of human birth weights - to an average heavier weight (directional selection) since larger babies can be born via C-sections