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SAFe for Architects > Exemplifying Agile Architecture > Flashcards

Exemplifying Agile Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most used framework of enterprise architecture since 2020 for enabling agile?

A

TOGAF - The Open Group Architecture Framework

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2
Q

How does TOGAF define architecture?

A

2 definitions:

  1. formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level to guide its implementation
  2. structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time
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3
Q

What are the 6 architecture domains of SAFe?

A
  1. Business
  2. Application
  3. Information
  4. Technology
  5. Integration
  6. Security
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4
Q

What are the 3 pillars that TOGAF relies heavily on?

A
  1. modularization
  2. standardization
  3. already existing, proven technologies and products
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5
Q

What is Agile architecture?

A

a set of values and practices that support active evolution of the design and architecture of a system while implementing new system capabilities

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Agile architecture balances intentional architectural and emergent design

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Agile architecture requires overhead associated with phase-gated processes

A

FALSE

Agile architecture avoids overhead and delays associated with phase-gated processes

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Agile architecture allows downtime for system maintenance

A

FALSE

Agile architecture ensures systems always run

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Agile architecture supports the continuous flow of value

A

TRUE

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Agile architecture evolves systems over time while supporting the needs of current users

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What are the 3 SAFe roles for Architects?

A

Enterprise, Solution, and System

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12
Q

Which Agile architect role span all the architectural domains across value streams?

A

Enterprise Architect

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13
Q

Which Agile architect role spans all the architectural domains across systems?

A

Solution Architect

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14
Q

Which Agile architect role spans all the architectural domains in single system?

A

System Architect

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15
Q

Which Agile architect role aligns architecture with business strategy?

A

Enterprise Architect

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16
Q

Which Agile architect role provides strategic technical direction across ARTs and teams?

A

Enterprise Architect

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17
Q

Which Agile architect role collaborates with Lean Portfolio Management?

A

Enterprise Architect

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18
Q

Which Agile architect role guides and supports Architectural Runway stratetgy?

A

Enterprise Architect

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19
Q

Which Agile architect role promotes modern technical and DevOps practices?

A

Enterprise Architect

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20
Q

Which Agile architect role synchronizes architecture functions across ARTs and teams?

A

Enterprise Architect

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21
Q

What are the responsibilities of the Enterprise Architect?

A
  1. Align architecture with business strategy
  2. Provide strategic technical direction across ARTs and teams
  3. Collaborate with Lean Portfolio Management
  4. Guide and support Architectural Runway strategy
  5. Promote modern technical and DevOps practices
  6. Synchronize architecture functions across ARTs and teams
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22
Q

Which Agile architect role plans the Architectural Runway for a full Solution?

A

Solution Architect

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23
Q

Which Agile architect role actively supports designing and steering of Continuous Delivery Pipeline for the Solution?

A

Solution Architect

24
Q

Which Agile architect role establishes and supports definition of nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) for the Solution?

A

Solution Architect

25
Q

Which Agile architect role partners with other architects to elaborate on capabilities and features?

A

Solution Architect

26
Q

Which Agile architect role fosters built-in quality for the entire solution?

A

Solution Architect

27
Q

What are the responsibilities of the Solution Architect?

A
  1. Plans the Architectural Runway for a full Solution
  2. Actively supports designing and steering of Continuous Delivery Pipeline
  3. Establishes and supports definition of nonfunctional requirements (NFRs)
  4. Partners with System Architects to elaborate Capabilities and Features
  5. Fosters built-in quality for the entire Solution
28
Q

Which Agile architect role plans the Architectural Runway?

A

System Architect

29
Q

Which Agile architect role actively supports design and steering of CI/CD pipeline for the ART?

A

System Architect

30
Q

Which Agile architect role establishes and supports definition of nonfunctional requirements (NFRs)?

A

System Architect

31
Q

Which Agile architect role partners with other architects to elaborate on epics, capabilities, and business capabilities?

A

System Architect

32
Q

Which Agile architect role fosters built-in quality for the ART’s systems?

A

System Architect

33
Q

What are the responsibilities of the System Architect?

A
  1. Plans the Architectural Runway
  2. Actively supports design and steering of CI/CD pipeline for the ART
  3. Establishes and supports the definition of NFRs for the system/ART
  4. Partners with Solution and Enterprise Architects to elaborate on Epics, Capabilities, and Business Capabilities
  5. Fosters built-in quality for the ART’s systems
34
Q

How do you define or describe the Business Architecture domain?

A
  1. The structure and behavior of a business system (not necessarily related to computers)
  2. Focuses on how the business must evolve to meet strategic objectives
  3. Articulates business vision and impact on Value Stream and critical processes
  4. Identifies business change requirements that inform work in other domains
35
Q

How do you define or describe the Data/Information Architecture domain?

A
  1. The data structures used by a business and/or its applications
  2. Focuses on how information stores (at rest and in motion) and flows support business needs
  3. Identifies information change requirements and how data is consumed
  4. Designs systems that manage data storage, accurate, and flow 5.
    Descriptions of data stores, data groups and data items. Mappings of those data artifacts to data qualities, applications, locations etc.
36
Q

How do you define or describe the Application Architecture domain?

A
  1. The structure and behavior of applications used in a business, focused on how they interact with each other and with users. 2. Focused on the data consumed and produced by applications rather than their internal structure.
  2. In application portfolio management, the applications are usually mapped to business functions and to application platform technologies.
  3. Focuses on systems and services used directly by customers/end users
  4. Designs applications that support desired user experiences
  5. Manages evolution of application portfolio to balance value and cost
37
Q

What is a subset domain of Application Architecture known as Component Architecture?

A

Application (or Component) architecture: The internal structure, the modularization of software, within an application. This is software architecture at the lowest level of granularity. It is usually below the level of modularization that solution architects define. However, there is no rigid dividing line.

38
Q

How do you define or describe the Technology Architecture domain?

A
  1. Also known as infrastructure architecture: The structure and behaviour of the IT infrastructure.
  2. Covers the client and server nodes of the hardware configuration, the infrastructure applications that run on them, the infrastructure services they offer to applications, the protocols and networks that connect applications and nodes.
  3. Development of methodical information technology specifications, models, and guidelines, using a variety of information technology notations (UML, etc) within a coherent information technology architecture.
  4. Focuses on evolving infrastructure in alignment with business needs
  5. Designs hardware, networks, and other systems in support of apps and data
  6. Manages evolution of hosting environments in support of critical service-level agreements and NFRs
39
Q

How do you define or describe the Integration Architecture domain?

A
  1. Focuses on how applications, systems, and services intercommunicate
  2. Defines common services, APIs, and messaging protocols
  3. Defines how messages and payloads are routed and managed
40
Q

How do you define or describe the Security Architecture domain?

A
  1. Focuses on protecting access to and use of sensitive information
  2. Determines security requirements and design supporting policies and systems
  3. Designs procedures for detecting and reacting to security breaches
41
Q

If the Solution doesn’t meet the Customer’s or system builder’s economic goals, then the long-term viability of the Solution is suspect. Which SAFe principle is being impacted?

A

Principle #1 - Take an economic view

Solutions fail for many reasons and failed economics is a primary culprit.

42
Q

A holistic approach to solution development that incorporates design, development, deployment, and maintenance of the system itself is which SAFe principle in practice?

A

Principle #2 - Apply systems thinking

The four foundational bodies of knowledge that inform SAFe systems thinking, Agile development, Lean product development, and DevOps.

43
Q

What are the 4 primary elements of the economic framework?

A
  1. Operating within lean budgets and guardrails
  2. Understanding solution economic trade-offs (Lead Time, Value, Product Cost, Dev Exp, Risk)
  3. Leveraging suppliers
  4. Sequencing jobs for the maximum benefit (WSJF)
44
Q

What are the 3 aspects of systems thinking?

A
  1. The solution itself as a system
  2. The enterprise building the system is a system
  3. Optimize the full value stream
45
Q

Which principle is intentional design a fundamental part of?

A

SAFe Principle #2 - Apply systems thinking

46
Q

Systems builders have a natural inclination to try to reduce variability. It often seems the more that is known and decided, the further along the plan is, but this is often not the case. While it is true that variability can lead to bad outcomes, the opposite case can also be true. Variability is not inherently bad or good. Instead, it is the economics associated with the timing and type of variability that determines the outcomes. This is an explanation of which SAFe principle?

A

SAFe Principle #3 - Assume variability; preserve options

Manage variability and preserve options to provide the controls and flexibility teams need to build great Solutions. Aggressively explore alternatives to arrive at the best decisions.

47
Q

What is one practice (or tool) for helping to assume variability and preserve options (principle #3)?

A

Set Based Design

48
Q

Which principle benefits from cadence-based integration points are the primary focus of the systems builder via a Solution architect that is designed in part for that purpose?

A

Principle #4 - Build incrementally with fast, integrated learning cycles

49
Q

Together, systems builders and customers have a fiduciary responsibility to ensure that the investment in new solutions will deliver the necessary economic benefit. This is an example of which SAFe Principle?

A

SAFe Principle #5 - Base milestones on objective evaluation of working systems

The system can be measured and assessed and it can be evaluated by the relevant stakeholders frequently and throughout the Solution development life cycle.

50
Q

Overloading teams and programs with more work than they can accomplish is a common and pernicious problem. Having too much work in process (WIP) in the system causes multiplexing and frequent context switching. It overloads the people doing the work, reduces focus on any task at hand, reduces productivity and throughput, and increases wait times for new functionality. Which SAFe Principle addresses these hurdles?

A

SAFe Principle #6 - Visualize and limit WIP, reduce batch sizes, and manage queue lengths

To achieve the shortest sustainable lead time, system architectures, support continuous development flow, allowing new system capabilities to move quickly from concept to cash

51
Q

Which SAFe Principle provides a rhythmic pattern, the dependable heartbeat of the process?

A

SAFe Principle #7 - Apply cadence, synchronize with cross-domain planning

Cadence makes routine that which can be routine, so the intellectual capacity of knowledge workers can be devoted to managing the variable parameters.

52
Q

Which SAFe Principle address how Lean-Agile Leaders operate with a relatively new truth - the “management” of knowledge workers is an oxymoron?

A

SAFe Principle #8 - Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers

53
Q

What are 5 benefits of Principle #8 (Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers)?

A
  1. Communicate across functional boundaries
  2. Make decisions based on understanding the economics
  3. Achieve fast feedback on their Solution’s efficacy
  4. Participate in continuous, incremental learning and mastery
  5. Participate in a more productive and fulfilling Solution development process
54
Q

Which SAFe Principle reduces delays, improves product development flow, and throughput, and enables faster feedback and more innovative solutions?

A

SAFe Principle #9 - Decentralize decision making

Delivering value in the shortest sustainable lead time requires decentralized decision-making. Any decision that requires escalation to higher levels of authority introduces a delay in delivery. In addition, escalated decisions can decrease decision fidelity due to the lack of local context and changes to fact patterns during the waiting period.

55
Q

Many enterprises today are organized around principles developed during the last century. Intending efficiency, most organized around functional expertise. But in the digital age, the only sustainable competitive advantage is the speed with which an organization can respond to the needs of its customers with new and innovative solutions. These solutions require cooperation amongst all the functional areas with their incumbent dependencies, handoffs, waste, and delays. Which SAFe Principle addresses this inefficiency?

A

SAFe Principle #10 - Organize around value

56
Q

Which SAFe Competency demands that enterprises organize around value to deliver more quickly. And when market and customer demands change, the enterprise must seamlessly and rapidly reorganize around that new value flow.

A

Business Agility

57
Q

Which 3 SAFe Principles are particularly relevant to architecture?

A
  1. Principle #4 - Build incrementally with fast, integrated learning cycles
  2. Principle #3 - Assume Variability; Preserve Options
  3. Principle #9 - Decentralized Decision Making

SAFe for Architects (9 decks)

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