exemplify review 2

Question 1

describe the sodium pump

Answer 1

exchanges extracellular K+ for intracellular Na+

Question 2

which transporter buffers changes in pH only by acid extrusion

Answer 2

Na-H-exchanger

Question 3

when ACh binds to the nAchR, which ions travel through its central channel pore

Answer 3

Sodium, calcium and potassium

Question 4

What is the normal range of resting potential for nerve cells

Answer 4

-50 to -75mv

Question 5

what process is involved in repolarisation of the cell membrane

Answer 5

potassium channels opening (k+ leaves)

Question 6

AP arrives at NMJ activates

Answer 6

v-g Ca2+ channels

Question 7

neurotransmitters binding to what causes muscle contraction

Answer 7

nACh

Question 8

intracellular messenger in M1 receptor

Answer 8

IP3 increased

Question 9

ryanodine receptors are on the

Answer 9

endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

contraction in smooth and cardiac muscle cells

Answer 10

calcium spark
actin filaments bind to troponin C
causing cross bridge recycling

Question 11

SER/ER function

Answer 11

stores Ca2+ for rapid release

Question 12

VGCC function

Answer 12

rapid transport of Ca2+ into cells

Question 13

SOC

Answer 13

store operated channel

slow release of Ca2+ when all other sources depleted

Question 14

PMCA

Answer 14

plasma membrane calcium ATPase

main carrier of Ca2+ out of cell

Question 15

pre-ganglionic neurones

Answer 15

nicotinic

Question 16

post ganglionic neurones

Answer 16

muscarinic in PNS and adrenergic in SNS

Question 17

Receptor example in QISS QIQ

Answer 17

alpha 1

Question 18

G protein example in QISS QIQ

Answer 18

G alpha q

Question 19

Differences in where PNS and SNS are found

Answer 19

PNS nuclei = brainstem and sacral spinal cord

SNS = thoracolumbar spinal cord

Question 20

inhaler than antagonises muscarinic receptors in lung side effects

Answer 20

opposite of sludge- dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

Question 21

symptoms of pheochromocytoma

Answer 21

headaches, palpitations, sweating

XS noradrenaline and adrenaline