exemplify review 2 Flashcards
describe the sodium pump
exchanges extracellular K+ for intracellular Na+
which transporter buffers changes in pH only by acid extrusion
Na-H-exchanger
when ACh binds to the nAchR, which ions travel through its central channel pore
Sodium, calcium and potassium
What is the normal range of resting potential for nerve cells
-50 to -75mv
what process is involved in repolarisation of the cell membrane
potassium channels opening (k+ leaves)
AP arrives at NMJ activates
v-g Ca2+ channels
neurotransmitters binding to what causes muscle contraction
nACh
intracellular messenger in M1 receptor
IP3 increased
ryanodine receptors are on the
endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum
contraction in smooth and cardiac muscle cells
calcium spark
actin filaments bind to troponin C
causing cross bridge recycling
SER/ER function
stores Ca2+ for rapid release
VGCC function
rapid transport of Ca2+ into cells
SOC
store operated channel
slow release of Ca2+ when all other sources depleted
PMCA
plasma membrane calcium ATPase
main carrier of Ca2+ out of cell
pre-ganglionic neurones
nicotinic
post ganglionic neurones
muscarinic in PNS and adrenergic in SNS
Receptor example in QISS QIQ
alpha 1
G protein example in QISS QIQ
G alpha q
Differences in where PNS and SNS are found
PNS nuclei = brainstem and sacral spinal cord
SNS = thoracolumbar spinal cord
inhaler than antagonises muscarinic receptors in lung side effects
opposite of sludge- dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
symptoms of pheochromocytoma
headaches, palpitations, sweating
XS noradrenaline and adrenaline
