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Biology 12 > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary which prevents dehydration -> travels to distal tubule and collecting duct, making them more permeable to water :. water is retained in the body

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2
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

outer portion of the adrenal glands; produces steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism, regulating salt/water balance in the body

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3
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

small arteries that deliver blood TO the glomeruli, associated with urine formation

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4
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

small artery conducting blood AWAY from the glomerulus, associated with urine formation

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5
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

specialized beginning of a nephron tubule

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6
Q

Collecting duct

A

final region of a nephron that urine flows through to enter the renal pelvis

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7
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillaries lying between afferent and efferent arterioles in the renal cortex; in urine formation, fluid is forced from the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule (pressure filtration)

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

set of processes that function to maintain a consant internal environment

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

responds to blood conditions and produces chemical substances to maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

Loop of Henle

A

middle region of a nephron between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

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11
Q

Metabolic waste

A

waste products from cellular metabolic activity (ie. CO2, O2, NH3)

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12
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of a kidney –> microscopic tubular structure beginning with Bowman’s capsule; combined function is the production of urine

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13
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

metabolic waste containing nitrogen (NH3)

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14
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

force exerted by water on a membrane due to concentration differences; significant force in CT fluid exchange and water recovery in kidney function

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15
Q

Peritubular capillary network

A

capillary bed that surrounds a nephron in the kidneys

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16
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

portion of the pituitary that controls the volume of water in blood vs. urine via ADH

17
Q

Pressure filtration

A

filtration process that occurs at the interface of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, results in hypertonic blood

18
Q

Proximal tubule

A

part of nephron between Bowman’s capsule and loop of Henle; specialized to allow the selective reabsorption of nutrient molecules and other components that are still useful (tubular secretion)

19
Q

Distal tubule

A

part of nephron between loop of Henle and collecting duct; regulate pH and composition of plasma by excreting excess H+, histamines, etc.; can absorb specific ions (tubular excretion)

20
Q

Renal artery

A

branch of the aorta which directs blood into a kidney

21
Q

Renal cortex

A

outside portion of a kidney where the glomeruli, afferent/efferent arterioles, Bowman’s capsule and the convoluted tubules are located

22
Q

Renal medulla

A

inner tissue region of a kidney where the loops of Henle and collecting ducts are located

23
Q

Renal pelvis

A

innermost chamber of a kidney; collects urine from the various collecting ducts and retains it until it can be conducted to the urinary bladder via ureter

24
Q

Renal vein

A

conducts blood out of a kidney and into the posterior vena cava

25
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

process occuring along the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb useful components of the filtrate; requires lots of energy

26
Q

Tubular excretion

A

excretion process that occurs at the distal convoluted tubule

27
Q

Tubular secretion

A

moves needed ions back into blood, ie. bicarbonate ions, which raise pH of blood

28
Q

Urea

A

nitrogenous waste made from ammonia by the liver; results from deamination of amino acids and excreted in urine

29
Q

Ureter

A

muscular tubes that use peristalsis to conduct urine from the renal pelvis of kidneys to be stored in urinary bladder (temporary)

30
Q

Urethra

A

muscular tube that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the outside during excretion; movement of urine in and out is controlled by sphincter muscles

Biology 12 (5 decks)

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