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Biology 12 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior/superior vena cava

A

collects all blood from head, neck, arms, and chest, returning the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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2
Q

Antibody

A

y-shaped protein complexes produced by white blood cells; have receptors: when coming into contact with antigens, the two molecules bond together ??

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3
Q

Antigen

A

a molecular structure/molecule that can bind to a specific antibody/T-cell

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4
Q

Aorta

A

major blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood out of the heart

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5
Q

Arterial duct

A

in a fetal circulatory system, small arterial connection from pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass the nonfunctional lungs

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6
Q

Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

A

large cylindrical flaps of muscle which lie between the atria and the ventricles (hence atrioventricular); when the heart beats, blood is pushed through the valves into the ventricles

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary, not under conscious control: regulates heartbeat

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8
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

node closest to AV valve, stimulates intrinsic nature of heartbeat (receives impulse from SA node)

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9
Q

Blood

A

tissue composed of plasma (mostly water) and cells

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10
Q

Blood pressure

A

force of blood against blood vessel walls, measured as systolic/diastolic

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11
Q

Blood velocity

A

how fast blood travels through the body- depending on what kind of blood vessel the blood goes through, velocity changes

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12
Q

Blood vessel

A

channels which carry blood through the body, three general kinds: arteries, capillaries, veins

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13
Q

Capillary-tissue fluid exchange

A

where fluids, gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the body and blood tissues by diffusion

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14
Q

Carotid artery

A

takes blood to the head, is the pulse in the side of the neck

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15
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

holds AV valves and prevents them from flipping up (inversion); attach valve flaps to the interior of ventricle walls

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16
Q

Coronary artery

A

first branches off the aorta and wrap around the outside of the heart; relatively small, feed heart muscle + supply blood to it

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17
Q

Coronary vein

A

take spent blood back to the vena cava

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18
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

aka diastole: pressure that blood exerts outwards on the walls of arteries when the heart is not contracting, decreases the farther away it is from the heart

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19
Q

Fetal circulation

A

circulatory pattern of an unborn mammal where the lungs do not function .: must conduct external respiration and divert blood away from the lungs; most notable differences include the arterial duct, venous duct, and the oval opening

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20
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

major vein that takes nutrient-rich blood from the small intestines to the liver; have capillary beds on both ends for exchange (ie. pick up glucose from small intestines then drops it off in liver for storage)

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21
Q

Hepatic vein

A

major vein that conducts blood from the liver back to the inferior vena cava; on the way, blood is treated or conditioned

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22
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure; puts additional pressure on tissues being fed by blood, indication that the heart is working too hard due to external factors such as diet, ethnicity, and stress- potential for tissue damage is greater the longer it is elevated

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23
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure; caused by lack of nutrients or water, or other conditions

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24
Q

Iliac artery

A

major blood vessels of the legs; carries blood to legs

25
Iliac vein
drains the legs and sends deoxygenated blood back to the heart; join together to form the inferior vena cava
26
Jugular vein
veins that conduct deoxygenated blood from the head down the neck
27
Left atrium
receives blood
28
Left ventricle
pumping chamber in the heart, beginning of the pulmonary circuit (heart to lungs)
29
Lymph capillaries
minute beginnings of lymph ducts located in tissue spaces of the body; absorb fluids that become lymph (fluid of lymphatic system)
30
Lymph nodes
spots along lymph ducts where two or more join together, house white blood cells
31
Lymphatic system
system made up of vessels/nodes that transport and clean lymph
32
Lymphatic veins/vessels
large network of capillaries that transport lymph away from tissues
33
Mesenteric artery
blood vessels which service the intestines
34
Oval opening
valve allowing blood to pass from the right ventricle of a fetal heart into the left ventricle, bypassing the nonfunctional lungs
35
Plasma
fluid portion of blood: mostly water, includes globulins, nutrients, wastes, cholesterol, hormones, dissolved gases + various ions
36
Platelets
type of blood cell, functions for blood clotting: when damaged, releases enzyme that forms a blood clot (thromboplastin)
37
Posterior/inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava, services the lower body: vein which drains blood from lower regions, ending at right atrium
38
Pulmonary arteries
conducts blood to both lungs and are branches of the pulmonary trunk (source blood from right ventricle)
39
Pulmonary circulation
circulatory system relating to the lungs (right ventricle, pulmonary trunk + arteries, capillaries, veins): oxygenated blood goes to left atrium
40
Pulmonary trunk
artery leaving the right ventricle, branching to become right and left pulmonary arteries
41
Pulmonary veins
conduct blood (oxygenated) from lungs to left atrium
42
Purkinje fibres
nerve tracts that begin at AV node in right atrium, extend down septum of heart and out to the ventricles: control contractions in ventricles
43
Red blood cells
small cells mass produced by red bone marrow, relatively short lifespan of about 120 days- contain hemoglobin, which differentially transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in blood
44
Renal artery
branch of aorta which conducts blood into the kidney
45
Renal vein
conducts blood out of kidney and into posterior vena cava
46
Right atrium
receiving chamber of the heart, passes blood along to the ventricles, separated from ventricles by AV valves
47
Right ventricle
pumping chamber of the heart, right marks beginning of the pulmonary circuit
48
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
in right atrium, bundle of nervous tissue which allows atria to initiate contractions, also known as pacemaker— sends impulse to AV node to continue with ventricles; conducted to medulla oblongata by sympathetic/parasympathetic nerve fibres
49
Semi-lunar valve
valves that blood must pass to exit the heart- prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles: located at the beginning of aorta and pulmonary artery
50
Septum
dividing wall in the heart made of thick muscle, separates ventricle chambers
51
Subclavian artery
branch of the aorta that takes blood to body walls and shoulder areas
52
Subclavian vein
returns blood from arms to superior vena cava, which conducts blood back to the right atrium
53
Systemic circulation
part of the circulatory system that delivers oxygenated blood to the body cells: begins at left ventricle and ends at right atrium
54
Systolic pressure
aka systole: force of blood outwards on the arteries when ventricles are contracting, usually around 120 mmHg
55
Umbilical artery
in fetal circulation, conduct deoxygenated blood from iliac arteries to placenta
56
Valve
structures controlling the movement of fluids along a tube
57
Veins
blood vessels that return blood back to the heart, contain valves to prevent backflow, work against gravity, and supply pressure
58
Venous duct
tube-like portion of umbilical cord that courses through the liver to get to the heart so that fetal blood can bypass functions of liver; atrophies after birth
59
White blood cells
aka leukocyte: blood cells that combat infection; functions include releasing antibodies and destroying foreign cell membranes— about 2x red blood cell size but less abundant

Biology 12 (5 decks)

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