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Biology 12 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior/superior vena cava

A

collects all blood from head, neck, arms, and chest, returning the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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2
Q

Antibody

A

y-shaped protein complexes produced by white blood cells; have receptors: when coming into contact with antigens, the two molecules bond together ??

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3
Q

Antigen

A

a molecular structure/molecule that can bind to a specific antibody/T-cell

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4
Q

Aorta

A

major blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood out of the heart

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5
Q

Arterial duct

A

in a fetal circulatory system, small arterial connection from pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass the nonfunctional lungs

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6
Q

Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

A

large cylindrical flaps of muscle which lie between the atria and the ventricles (hence atrioventricular); when the heart beats, blood is pushed through the valves into the ventricles

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary, not under conscious control: regulates heartbeat

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8
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

node closest to AV valve, stimulates intrinsic nature of heartbeat (receives impulse from SA node)

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9
Q

Blood

A

tissue composed of plasma (mostly water) and cells

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10
Q

Blood pressure

A

force of blood against blood vessel walls, measured as systolic/diastolic

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11
Q

Blood velocity

A

how fast blood travels through the body- depending on what kind of blood vessel the blood goes through, velocity changes

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12
Q

Blood vessel

A

channels which carry blood through the body, three general kinds: arteries, capillaries, veins

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13
Q

Capillary-tissue fluid exchange

A

where fluids, gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the body and blood tissues by diffusion

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14
Q

Carotid artery

A

takes blood to the head, is the pulse in the side of the neck

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15
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

holds AV valves and prevents them from flipping up (inversion); attach valve flaps to the interior of ventricle walls

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16
Q

Coronary artery

A

first branches off the aorta and wrap around the outside of the heart; relatively small, feed heart muscle + supply blood to it

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17
Q

Coronary vein

A

take spent blood back to the vena cava

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18
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

aka diastole: pressure that blood exerts outwards on the walls of arteries when the heart is not contracting, decreases the farther away it is from the heart

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19
Q

Fetal circulation

A

circulatory pattern of an unborn mammal where the lungs do not function .: must conduct external respiration and divert blood away from the lungs; most notable differences include the arterial duct, venous duct, and the oval opening

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20
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

major vein that takes nutrient-rich blood from the small intestines to the liver; have capillary beds on both ends for exchange (ie. pick up glucose from small intestines then drops it off in liver for storage)

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21
Q

Hepatic vein

A

major vein that conducts blood from the liver back to the inferior vena cava; on the way, blood is treated or conditioned

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22
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure; puts additional pressure on tissues being fed by blood, indication that the heart is working too hard due to external factors such as diet, ethnicity, and stress- potential for tissue damage is greater the longer it is elevated

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23
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure; caused by lack of nutrients or water, or other conditions

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24
Q

Iliac artery

A

major blood vessels of the legs; carries blood to legs

25
Q

Iliac vein

A

drains the legs and sends deoxygenated blood back to the heart; join together to form the inferior vena cava

26
Q

Jugular vein

A

veins that conduct deoxygenated blood from the head down the neck

27
Q

Left atrium

A

receives blood

28
Q

Left ventricle

A

pumping chamber in the heart, beginning of the pulmonary circuit (heart to lungs)

29
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

minute beginnings of lymph ducts located in tissue spaces of the body; absorb fluids that become lymph (fluid of lymphatic system)

30
Q

Lymph nodes

A

spots along lymph ducts where two or more join together, house white blood cells

31
Q

Lymphatic system

A

system made up of vessels/nodes that transport and clean lymph

32
Q

Lymphatic veins/vessels

A

large network of capillaries that transport lymph away from tissues

33
Q

Mesenteric artery

A

blood vessels which service the intestines

34
Q

Oval opening

A

valve allowing blood to pass from the right ventricle of a fetal heart into the left ventricle, bypassing the nonfunctional lungs

35
Q

Plasma

A

fluid portion of blood: mostly water, includes globulins, nutrients, wastes, cholesterol, hormones, dissolved gases + various ions

36
Q

Platelets

A

type of blood cell, functions for blood clotting: when damaged, releases enzyme that forms a blood clot (thromboplastin)

37
Q

Posterior/inferior vena cava

A

inferior vena cava, services the lower body: vein which drains blood from lower regions, ending at right atrium

38
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

conducts blood to both lungs and are branches of the pulmonary trunk (source blood from right ventricle)

39
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

circulatory system relating to the lungs (right ventricle, pulmonary trunk + arteries, capillaries, veins): oxygenated blood goes to left atrium

40
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

artery leaving the right ventricle, branching to become right and left pulmonary arteries

41
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

conduct blood (oxygenated) from lungs to left atrium

42
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

nerve tracts that begin at AV node in right atrium, extend down septum of heart and out to the ventricles: control contractions in ventricles

43
Q

Red blood cells

A

small cells mass produced by red bone marrow, relatively short lifespan of about 120 days- contain hemoglobin, which differentially transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in blood

44
Q

Renal artery

A

branch of aorta which conducts blood into the kidney

45
Q

Renal vein

A

conducts blood out of kidney and into posterior vena cava

46
Q

Right atrium

A

receiving chamber of the heart, passes blood along to the ventricles, separated from ventricles by AV valves

47
Q

Right ventricle

A

pumping chamber of the heart, right marks beginning of the pulmonary circuit

48
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

in right atrium, bundle of nervous tissue which allows atria to initiate contractions, also known as pacemaker— sends impulse to AV node to continue with ventricles; conducted to medulla oblongata by sympathetic/parasympathetic nerve fibres

49
Q

Semi-lunar valve

A

valves that blood must pass to exit the heart- prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles: located at the beginning of aorta and pulmonary artery

50
Q

Septum

A

dividing wall in the heart made of thick muscle, separates ventricle chambers

51
Q

Subclavian artery

A

branch of the aorta that takes blood to body walls and shoulder areas

52
Q

Subclavian vein

A

returns blood from arms to superior vena cava, which conducts blood back to the right atrium

53
Q

Systemic circulation

A

part of the circulatory system that delivers oxygenated blood to the body cells: begins at left ventricle and ends at right atrium

54
Q

Systolic pressure

A

aka systole: force of blood outwards on the arteries when ventricles are contracting, usually around 120 mmHg

55
Q

Umbilical artery

A

in fetal circulation, conduct deoxygenated blood from iliac arteries to placenta

56
Q

Valve

A

structures controlling the movement of fluids along a tube

57
Q

Veins

A

blood vessels that return blood back to the heart, contain valves to prevent backflow, work against gravity, and supply pressure

58
Q

Venous duct

A

tube-like portion of umbilical cord that courses through the liver to get to the heart so that fetal blood can bypass functions of liver; atrophies after birth

59
Q

White blood cells

A

aka leukocyte: blood cells that combat infection; functions include releasing antibodies and destroying foreign cell membranes— about 2x red blood cell size but less abundant

Biology 12 (5 decks)

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