Excretory Products and their Elimination VSAQs.

Question 1

Name the blood vessels that enter and exit the kidney.

Answer 1

a) Renal artery b) Renal vein

Question 2

What are renal pyramid and renal papillae?

Answer 2

a) Medulla of kidney is formed into conical structures called renal pyramids. They project into calyces.
b) The pointed tips of renal pyramids are called renal papillae.

Question 3

What are the columns of Bertin and Bellini duct?

Answer 3

a) Among the renal pyramids, cortex projects into medulla as columns of Bertin.
b) The collecting ducts of many nephrons unite with one another and formed into duct of Bellini and it opens into the renal pelvis and renal papilla.

Question 4

Distinguish between cortical and juxta medullary nephrons.

Answer 4

a) If the loop of Henle of a nephron extends only very little into medulla, that nephron, that nephron is called cortical nephron.

b) If the loop of Helne of the nephron is very long and extends deep into the medulla, such nephron is called juxtamedullary nephron.

Question 5

Define glomerular filtration?

Answer 5

The non-energy consuming passive process of filtration of blood form the glomerulus into the Lemen of the Bowman’s capsule is known as glomerular Filtration.

Question 6

Define glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 6

The amount of filtrate formed by both the kidney’s per minute is called glomerular filtration rate.

Question 7

What is juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 7

The macula densa together with juxtaglomerular cells is described as juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 8

Distinguish between the enzymes rein and rennin.

Answer 8

a) Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin (I) which is concerned with excretory process.
b) Rennin is a digestive enzyme that converts the milk protein caseinogen into Para casein in presence of Ca++ ions.