Breathing And Respiration VSAQs.

Question 1

Define Vital capacity. What is its significance?

Answer 1

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is known as vital capacity. Vita capacity (VC) = Tidal volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV).

Useful in diagnosis of pulmonary disorders.

Question 2

What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport?

Answer 2

Low pCO2 favors the loading of hemoglobin with O2 high pCo2 causes dissociation of oxyhemoglobin.

Question 3

What are conchae?

Answer 3

The three twisted bony plates present in each nasal chamber are called turbinals or conchae.

Question 4

What is meant by chloride shift.

Answer 4

Due to the permeability of the plasma membrane of RBC to anions, HCO3 ions (formed due to dissociation of H2 CO3) diffuse into the blood plasma form the RBC at the tissues. To maintain electrical balance, CL- ions diffuse from plasma into RBC. This exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions between RBC and plasma at the tissues is called chloride shift or Hamburger’s phenomenon or Hamburger’s shift.

Question 5

Mention any two occupational respiratory disorders and their causes in human beings.

Answer 5

a) Silicosis- caused due to long term exposure to silica dust.
b) Black Lung-disease- caused due to inhalation of coal dust.

Question 6

Name the muscles that help in normal breathing movements?

Answer 6

a) Muscles of diaphragm
b) External inter costal muscles.