excretory and digestive

Question 1

Physiological systems of animals

Answer 1

fluid environment

Question 2

what is required for a fluid environment

Answer 2

maintenance of [water] and [solutes] within fairly narrow limits

Question 3

osmoregulation

Answer 3

controls [solute] and balances water gain and loss

Question 4

Excretory System

Answer 4

pee

Question 5

what is a challenge that comes with organisms in a Desert and Marine environment

Answer 5

desiccating environments that can quickly deplete body water

Question 6

what is a challenge that comes with organisms in a Freshwater environment

Answer 6

conserving solutes and absorbing salts from surroundings

Question 7

Ammonia NH3

Answer 7

• Direct product of metabolizing proteins
• Water-soluble
• Highly toxic: dilute w/lots of H2O.

Question 8

Urea

Answer 8

• Endergonic reaction
• Water-soluble
• Less toxic: can dilute w/less H2O.

Question 9

Uric acid

Answer 9

• Highly endergonic reaction
• Insoluble: excrete as a paste
• Non-toxic: Store in membraned pouches of shelled eggs.

Question 10

features of Lymphatic System

Answer 10

lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, tonsil

Question 11

what is the Lymphatic System important for

Answer 11

digestive, circulatory and immune system

Question 12

Ingestion

Answer 12

bring food into the body

Question 13

digestion

Answer 13

break food into small molecules

Question 14

absorption

Answer 14

break food into small molecules

Question 15

elimination

Answer 15

dispose of undigested material

Question 16

Taxonomic Diversity of Digestive Systems

Answer 16

digestion in food vacuoles, digestion in GV cavity, digestion in complete digestive tract

Question 17

key steps of the digestive system

Answer 17

mouth, salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, gallbladder/pancreas, small intestine, large intesting, coelom, rectum, anus

Question 18

Mechanical digestion

Answer 18

fragment food to expose more surface

Question 19

Chemical digestion

Answer 19

break chemical bonds with the use of enzymes

Question 20

what does the pharynx open to

Answer 20

to both esophagus & trachea

Question 21

what does the epiglottis do

Answer 21

When you swallow, epiglottis directs food to esophagus

Question 22

Peristalsis

Answer 22

waves of muscular contraction

Question 23

there are important enzymes secreted by…

Answer 23

• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas
• gland cells in intestinal wall

Question 24

How does the small intestines structure facilitate absorption?

Answer 24

the folding and surface area

Question 25

what do the bacteria in the colon do

Answer 25

• Live on undigested matter
• Produce vitamins B, K, others (absorbed by colon)

Question 26

digestion

Answer 26

poop

Question 27

Irritation of intestinal lining causes it to what

Answer 27

absorb less H2O

Question 28

what happens when Peristalsis is too slow in the intestine

Answer 28

absorb more H2O

Question 29

what kind of dental adaptions do most mammals have

Answer 29

heterodont dentition

Question 30

carnivores

Answer 30

• sharp canines
• jagged molars

Question 31

herbavores

Answer 31

• reduced canines
• ridged molars

Question 32

Adaptations of Digestive System for herbavors

Answer 32

• longer digestive tracts
• longer cecum

Question 33

what is the solution when herbivores can’t digest cellulose

Answer 33

Symbiotic bacteria & protists ferment plant matter in gut!

Fermented products absorbed

Ruminant digestion: alternate b/n physical & chemical digestion

Question 34

Ruminant digestion

Answer 34

alternate b/n physical & chemical digestion