excretory and digestive Flashcards
Physiological systems of animals
fluid environment
what is required for a fluid environment
maintenance of [water] and [solutes] within fairly narrow limits
osmoregulation
controls [solute] and balances water gain and loss
Excretory System
pee
what is a challenge that comes with organisms in a Desert and Marine environment
desiccating environments that can quickly deplete body water
what is a challenge that comes with organisms in a Freshwater environment
conserving solutes and absorbing salts from surroundings
Ammonia NH3
- Direct product of metabolizing proteins
- Water-soluble
- Highly toxic: dilute w/lots of H2O.
Urea
- Endergonic reaction
- Water-soluble
- Less toxic: can dilute w/less H2O.
Uric acid
- Highly endergonic reaction
- Insoluble: excrete as a paste
- Non-toxic: Store in membraned pouches of shelled eggs.
features of Lymphatic System
lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, tonsil
what is the Lymphatic System important for
digestive, circulatory and immune system
Ingestion
bring food into the body
digestion
break food into small molecules
absorption
break food into small molecules
elimination
dispose of undigested material
Taxonomic Diversity of Digestive Systems
digestion in food vacuoles, digestion in GV cavity, digestion in complete digestive tract
key steps of the digestive system
mouth, salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, gallbladder/pancreas, small intestine, large intesting, coelom, rectum, anus
Mechanical digestion
fragment food to expose more surface
Chemical digestion
break chemical bonds with the use of enzymes
what does the pharynx open to
to both esophagus & trachea
what does the epiglottis do
When you swallow, epiglottis directs food to esophagus
Peristalsis
waves of muscular contraction
there are important enzymes secreted by…
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- gland cells in intestinal wall
How does the small intestines structure facilitate absorption?
the folding and surface area
what do the bacteria in the colon do
- Live on undigested matter
- Produce vitamins B, K, others (absorbed by colon)
digestion
poop
Irritation of intestinal lining causes it to what
absorb less H2O
what happens when Peristalsis is too slow in the intestine
absorb more H2O
what kind of dental adaptions do most mammals have
heterodont dentition
carnivores
- sharp canines
- jagged molars
herbavores
- reduced canines
- ridged molars
Adaptations of Digestive System for herbavors
- longer digestive tracts
- longer cecum
what is the solution when herbivores can’t digest cellulose
Symbiotic bacteria & protists ferment plant matter in gut!
Fermented products absorbed
Ruminant digestion: alternate b/n physical & chemical digestion
Ruminant digestion
alternate b/n physical & chemical digestion
