circulation Flashcards
GV cavity
- Highly branched digestive cavity
- Nutrients & O2 can diffuse directly to all cells
Open system
- less pressure
Closed system
- More efficient at transport
- Found in large, active animals
what increased as vertebrate circulatory systems evolved
the number of atria and ventricles increased, and the number of circuits
2 heart circuits of a mammal
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
arteries
away from the heart
veins
to the heart
what is the path that the blood takes
1.Blood enters
right atrium on
return from body
2.Blood enters
right ventricle
3.Blood is
pumped to lungs
from right
ventricle
4.Blood returns to
left atrium from lungs
5.Blood enters left
ventricle
6.Blood is pumped
to body from left
ventricle
why does fetal circulation does not require pulmonary circulation
because the fetus gets the blood from the mother through the placenta and ombilical chord, and the ductus arteriosus is open rather than closed
What is heart murmur?
when the heart valves are weak so theres backflow of blood
Atria & ventricles contracting in sequence creates what
Creates blood pressure
Circulatory Systems of Vertebrates
- Arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins
Cellular components
- Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Platelets
what is blood plasma made up of
- Water
- Ions
- Plasma proteins
- CO2, hormones, metabolic wastes
how is oxygen transported
98.5% transported within red blood cells by hemoglobin
what are artiers thicker than veins
because of blood pressure
viens have what
- have valves
- blood flow powered by contractions of skeletal muscle
capilleries
Exchange materials
- with surroundings
Small and extremely thin
-Small solutes cross
between epithelial cells; RBCs & blood proteins
stay in capillary
- Some exchange via diffusion; more via bulk flow of fluid
what is the direction of capillary blood pressure
- Always outward from capillary
what is the direction of capillary osmotic pressure
- Always inward from capillary
capillary stuff enters what
the lymphatic system
where does excess interstitial fluid drain
Excess interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic vessels
