Excretion

Question 1

What are the main functions of the kidneys? (3)

Answer 1

1) Regulates the composition of body fluids by removing wastes.
2) Regulate fluid volume in the blood.
3) Balances pH by removing excessive H+ ions through the kidneys.

Question 2

The removal of an amino group from amino acids which produces ammonia, often because we need to convert protein to carbs. Where does the ammonia go?

Answer 2

Deamination.

ammonia is converted to urea through the liver in order to make for safe excretion. (Ammonia is highly toxic)

Question 3

What is the role of the Ureters?

Answer 3

Carry filtered waste to the bladder.

Question 4

What is the role of the urinary sphincter?

Answer 4

Acts as a valve for the bladder. Stretch receptors signal the brain when the bladder is full. This Sphincter then relaxes and allows piss to travel through.

Question 5

What is the role of the renal artery & renal vein.

Answer 5

Renal Artery: Carries blood to the kidneys.

Renal Vein: Carries blood away from kidneys.

Question 6

What are the core parts of a Kidney and their functions?

Answer 6

Cortex: Outer layer, where most filtration happens.
Medulla: Inner layer, contains nephrons where most reabsorption occurs.
Renal Pelvis: Collects urine that flows to the urethra.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the glomerulus?

Answer 7

A round cluster of blood vessels within the kidney that filters wastes out of urine and reabsorbs useful materials.

Question 8

What is the difference between the afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole?

Answer 8

The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus for filtration, while the efferent arteriole carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus.

Question 9

What does the bowman’s capsule do?

Answer 9

Collects filtrate from the glomerulus and delivers it to the proximal tubule for reabsorption