excitable cell Flashcards
what is physiology
the study of how the human body FUNCTIONS
order of material where we are made up
organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells
internal vs external environments of body
internal environment
- muscular system (muscles)
- nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
-endocrine system (hormones)
-circulatory system (blood)
organs systems work continuous with external environments
etc. digestive system, food from external eniviroment
etc. breath in air from outside environment
etc. reproductive system
nucleus function
stores and replicates genes (DNA)
nucleolus
forms rRNA and synthesizes ribosomes (make protein)
ribosomes function
synthesis polypeptides (protein) in the systole and rough er
rough endoplasmic reticulm
protein are synthesized by ribosomes and than prepared to be exported
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes lipids are lipid containing molecules such as phosolipids that make up membranes
microtubule
provide structure and shape and aid in movement
nucleopore
channels of selective transport of nucleic acids and protein in and out of the nucleus
cytoplasm
jellylike
surrounds everything within the cell membrane
mitochondrion
-powerhouse of the cell
-cellular respiration, breaks down organic molecules into starch, glycogen and glucose– makes ATP provides energy
lysosomes
garbage collector
breakdown of macromolecules
Golgi body
-receives proteins from ER (sort and packages)
- some proteins are stored and some are modified into tertiary forms
fold protein into usuable shape/ add
centrioles
spindle fiber formation/ development used during cell division to separate the sister chromatids into chromosomes
homeostasis
- help monitor certain conditions
- sense a change in conditions, communicate with cells, for an appropriate
response
local control- response only effects immediate area
ex. not enough oxygen in brain, causing you to hyperventilate
long distance control- more complex, involve multiple components creating feedback loop
feedback loop
** only negative feedback loops help homeostatic
- etc. when it is senses that a factor is off etc. body temperature. initiate a series of responses to return to homeostatsis etc. shiver when cold etc.
functions of proteins
- formed by amino acids
-important role. oxygen transport via hemoglobin - cellular communication via protein hormones
-body production through antibodies
-DNA replication and repair
-metabolism due to enzymes
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