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biology paper 2 > exchange, transport in animals > Flashcards

exchange, transport in animals Flashcards

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1
Q

what do organisms take in and get rid of?

A

substances that they need from the environment

get rid of waste products

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2
Q

what surface are alveoli?

A

exchange surface

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3
Q

what do the alveoli do?

A

theyre well adapted for the efficient exchange of

oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

where are the alveoli?

A

in the lungs

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5
Q

how are the alveoli adapted for their function?

A

moist lining for dissolving gasses

good blood supply to maintain concentration of Co2 and Oxygen

thin walls

large surface area

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6
Q

what is blood?

A

a tissue

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7
Q

what do red blood cells carry?

A

oxygen

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8
Q

what does a red blood cell look like?

A

disc shape

large surface area
(for absorbing oxygen)

no nucleus

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9
Q

what do white blood cells do?

A

defend against infection

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10
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

produce antibodies against microorganisms

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11
Q

what is plasma?

A

liquid that carries everything in the blood

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

arteries

capillaries

veins

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13
Q

what do arteries do?

A

carry blood away from the heart

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14
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

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15
Q

what do veins do?

A

carry blood to the heart

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16
Q

features of arteries

A

strong
(heart pumps high blood pressure)
elastic

thick walls (lumen)

ELASTIC FIBRES to spring back

17
Q

features of capillaries

A

tiny

narrow

PERMEABLE WALLS so substances can diffuse in and out

supply food + oxygen, take away waste

18
Q

features of veins

A

blood is low pressure so they have THIN WALLS

large lumen

VALVES to keep blood flowing in the right direction

19
Q

how are the blood vessels connected?

A

arteries branch into capillaries

capillaries join up to form veins

20
Q

what does the heart do?

A

pushes blood around the body

21
Q

what happens in the right atrium?

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen

22
Q

what happens in the left atrium?

A

heart pumps oxygenated blood around to organs in the body to deliver oxygen

23
Q

what are the two atriums of the heart?

A

left and right

24
Q

what are the parts of the right atrium?

A

BOTTOM
right ventricle

MIDDLE
right atrium

LOWER TUBE
vena cava

TOP TUBE
pulmonary artery

25
Q

what are the parts of the left atrium?

A

BOTTOM
left ventricle

MIDDLE
left atrium

LOWER TUBE
pulmonary vein

TOP TUBE
aorta

26
Q

which part of the right atrium pumps blood to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

27
Q

which part of the left atrium pumps blood to the body?

A

aorta

28
Q

what does respiration release?

A

energy

29
Q

what is respiration?

A

the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of organic compounds

30
Q

what kind of reaction is respiration?

A

exothermic

31
Q

what are the two types of respiration?

A

aerobic

anaerobic

32
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

NEEDS plenty of OXYGEN available

goes on all the time

33
Q

what is anaerobic respiration?

A

DOESNT use OXYGEN at all

happens during EXERCISE when body cannot supply enough oxygen

transfers less energy than aerobic

produces LACTIC ACID

biology paper 2 (5 decks)

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