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biology paper 2 > animal coordination, control, homeostasis > Flashcards

animal coordination, control, homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical messengers sent in blood

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2
Q

what are hormones produced by?

A

endocrine glands

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3
Q

what do endocrine glands do?

A

produce hormones

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4
Q

types of endocrine glands?

A

ovaries

testes

adrenal glands

pancreas

thyroid

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5
Q

what do ovaries do?

A

produce oestrogen

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6
Q

what do testes do?

A

produce testosterone to control puberty and sperm production

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7
Q

what do adrenal glands do?

A

produce adrenaline

fight or flight

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8
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

produces insulin

regulates blood glucose level

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9
Q

what do thyroid glands do?

A

produce thyroxine

regulates temperature, heart rate

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10
Q

what do neurones do?

A

use electrical and chemical signals to send information to the brain

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11
Q

what do hormones do?

A

communicate to body to change or effect their target cell

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12
Q

what does adrenaline do?

A

prepares you for fight or flight

increases the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells

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13
Q

how does adrenaline work?

A

binds to specific receptors in the heart

they contract more frequently with more force

heart rate and blood pressure increase

which increases blood flow so the cells receive more oxygen and glucose

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14
Q

what is the menstrual cycle?

A

monthly sequence of events where the female releases an egg and prepares the uterus incase the egg is fertilsed

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15
Q

what happens at stage 1 of menstruation?

A

day 1

LINING of uterus BREAKS DOWN and is released

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16
Q

what happens at stage 2 of menstruation?

A

day 4-14

uterus lining is REPAIRED

17
Q

what happens at stage 3 of menstruation?

A

day 14

EGG develops and is RELEASED from ovary

OVULATION happens

18
Q

what happens at stage 4 of menstruation?

A

day 14-28

LINING is MAINTAINED until day 28

if no fertilised egg is in wall then spongy LINING BREAKS down again

cycle repeats

19
Q

what 4 hormones control menstrual cycle?

A

FSH

oestrogen

LH

progesterone

20
Q

how is type 1 diabetes caused?

A

lack of insulin

21
Q

how is type 2 diabetes caused?

A

cells dont react to insulin

biology paper 2 (5 decks)

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