ecostystems, material cycles (9)

Question 1

what are ecosystems organised into?

Answer 1

different levels of organisation

Question 2

what are the 4 types of ecosystem levels?

Answer 2

individual

population

community

ecosystem

Question 3

what is the individual organisation level?

Answer 3

a single organism

Question 4

what is the population organisation level?

Answer 4

all the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 5

what is the community organisation level?

Answer 5

all the organisms of different species living in a habitat

Question 6

what is the ecosystem organisation level?

Answer 6

a community of organisms along with all the non-living (abiotic) conditions

Question 7

what are organisms in a community?

Answer 7

interdependant

Question 8

interdependent meaning

Answer 8

organisms depend on each other for food and shelter in order to survive and reproduce

Question 9

consequences of interdependence?

Answer 9

a change in the population of one species can have a knock on effect for other species in the same community

Question 10

what is mutualism?

Answer 10

a relationship between two organisms where both benefit

Question 11

example of mutualism

Answer 11

when bees visit flowers to get nectar, pollen is transferred to their bodies

the pollen transfers to other flowers

the bees get food and the plants get help reproducing

Question 12

what two factors affect communities?

Answer 12

abiotic factors

biotic factors

Question 13

what are the affects of abiotic factors?

Answer 13

temperature

amount of water

light intensity

levels of pollutants

Question 14

how is temperature an affect of abiotic?

Answer 14

distribution of bird species

Question 15

how is water an affect of abiotic?

Answer 15

plants grow better in different dampness of soils

Question 16

how is light intensity and affect of abiotic?

Answer 16

trees grow and provide shade causing fungi to grow instead of grass

(grads needs sunlight to do photosynthesis and grow)

Question 17

how is the level of pollutants an affect of abiotic?

Answer 17

lichin are unable to survive if the concentration of sulfur dioxide is too high

Question 18

what can you use to study the distribution of small organisms?

Answer 18

quadrat

Question 19

how to use a quadrat instructions?

Answer 19

place 1m^2 quadrat on the ground at a random point in first sample area

count the organisms within the quadrat

repeat steps above

work out the mean for the first sample
area

repeat steps for second sample area

compare means of the two sample areas

Question 20

how to work out population size using a small sample area?

Answer 20

work out mean number of organisms per m^2

multiply the mean by the total area

Question 21

what is biodiversity?

Answer 21

the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem

Question 22

ways humans affect biodiversity?

Answer 22

fertilisers

fishing

introduction of non-indigenous species

deforestation

Question 23

how do fertilisers affect biodiversity?

Answer 23

fertilisers are put onto fields

if too much is applied and it rains it moves into rivers and lakes

it kills species in the water, reducing biodiversity

Question 24

example of fertiliser affecting biodiversity

Answer 24

fertiliser in the water blocks sunlight

plants can’t photosynthesis

they die and decompose

Question 25

how does fishing affect biodiversity?

Answer 25

food is added to the nets to feed the fish

this produces huge amounts of waste

waste leaks into the water causing species to die

Question 26

how do non indigenous species affect biodiversity?

Answer 26

they dont naturally occur in the area

they compete with the indigenous species for resources

sometimes they are better and take over causing decrease of the species then they die out

reducing biodiversity

Question 27

ways to conserve and maintain biodiversity?

Answer 27

reforestation

conservation scheme

Question 28

benefits of maintaining biodiversity?

Answer 28

protects human food supply

minimal damage to food chains

provides future medicines

eco-tourism

provides jobs

Question 29

what is the carbon cycle?

Answer 29

nature’s way of recycling carbon atoms

Question 30

what happens in the carbon cycle?

Answer 30

carbon atoms travel from the atmosphere into organisms

then travel back into the atmosphere over and over again

Question 31

what is the water cycle?

Answer 31

endlessly recycling water

Question 32

how does the water cycle work?

Answer 32

energy from the sun makes water evaporate into water vapour

warm water is carried upwards

when it cools it condenses to form clouds

water falls from clouds as precipitation

Question 33

what is a drought?

Answer 33

when there isnt enough precipitation

Question 34

what is desalination?

Answer 34

method used to produce potable water from salt water

Question 35

desalination process

Answer 35

it removes salts from salt water

Question 36

example of desalination?

Answer 36

distillation

Question 37

what is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 37

recycling nitrogen naturally

Question 38

how much nitrogen is in the atmosphere?

Answer 38

78%

Question 39

what are the 4 types of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 39

decomposers

nitrifying bacteria

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

denitrifying bactera

Question 40

how do farmers increase the amount of nitrates in soil

Answer 40

fertilisers