Exchange Surfaces Flashcards
Module 3
What is an exchange surface?
An exchange surface is a structure that facilitates the exchange of substances between the internal and external environments of an organism.
True or False: Larger organisms require more complex exchange surfaces.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary function of exchange surfaces is to maximize _______.
diffusion
What are the key features of an effective exchange surface?
Large surface area, thin barrier, moist surface, and a rich blood supply.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of efficient exchange surfaces? A) Thin walls B) Large surface area C) Low temperature D) Moist environment
C) Low temperature
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs that facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood.
True or False: Gases diffuse from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
False
What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine?
Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Fill in the blank: The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs is called _______.
gas exchange
Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily exchanged in the alveoli? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Carbon Dioxide D) Argon
B) Oxygen
What is the significance of a moist exchange surface?
A moist surface facilitates the diffusion of gases and other substances.
True or False: The surface area to volume ratio decreases as organisms grow larger.
True
What are the adaptations of the gills in fish for gas exchange?
Gills have a large surface area, thin walls, and a rich blood supply.
Fill in the blank: In plants, the exchange of gases occurs primarily through _______.
stomata
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of increasing the efficiency of gas exchange? A) Reducing surface area B) Increasing thickness of the barrier C) Maintaining a steep concentration gradient D) None of the above
C) Maintaining a steep concentration gradient
What is countercurrent exchange?
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism that maximizes the efficiency of gas exchange by having blood and water flow in opposite directions.
True or False: The majority of gas exchange in humans occurs in the bronchi.
False
What role does hemoglobin play in gas exchange?
Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, facilitating oxygen transport.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the primary site of gas exchange in the human body.
lung
Multiple Choice: Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for the actual exchange of gases? A) Trachea B) Alveoli C) Bronchi D) Larynx
B) Alveoli
What is the function of the nasal cavity in respiration?
The nasal cavity warms, moistens, and filters air before it enters the lungs.
True or False: The larger the organism, the easier it is for it to rely solely on diffusion for gas exchange.
False
What is the significance of a high surface area to volume ratio in exchange surfaces?
A high surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of substances.
Fill in the blank: In insects, gas exchange occurs through openings called _______.
spiracles
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an adaptation of the alveoli? A) Thick walls B) Large surface area C) Low blood supply D) None of the above
B) Large surface area
What is the role of capillaries in exchange surfaces?
Capillaries facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues due to their thin walls and extensive networks.
True or False: Stomata are involved in gas exchange in both plants and animals.
False
What is the primary gas exchanged by plants during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Fill in the blank: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs occurs via _______.
diffusion
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion? A) Concentration gradient B) Temperature C) Surface area D) Color of the substance
D) Color of the substance
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange between the body and the environment.
True or False: Diffusion is the only method of transport for gases in the body.
False
What adaptation do the lungs have to increase efficiency of gas exchange?
The lungs contain numerous alveoli to increase surface area.
Fill in the blank: The process of inhalation is primarily driven by the contraction of the _______.
diaphragm
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of a small surface area to volume ratio? A) Increased efficiency B) Difficulty in maintaining temperature C) Reduced diffusion rate D) None of the above
C) Reduced diffusion rate
What is the importance of maintaining a steep concentration gradient in exchange surfaces?
It enhances the rate of diffusion of gases.
True or False: The structure of gills allows fish to extract oxygen from water efficiently.
True
What are the equations to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a sphere.
Surface area of a sphere: 4πr²
Volume of a sphere: 4/3πr³
What are the equations to calculate the surface area and volume ratio of a cylinder?
Surface area: 2πrh+2πr²
Volume:πr²h
What are the equations to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cube.
Surface area: 6x²
Volume: x³
Why do organisms with a larger surface area to volume ratio generally require specialised exchange surfaces?
These specialised exchange surfaces helps the organism to meet demands and metabolic rate demand so it can function efficiently.
What is the process of pathway through the lungs.
Lungs (either lung) > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli.
Why can gas exchange generally not occur in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles?
This is because they are impermeable to gases.
What are general adaptations of the alveoli for gas exchange?
