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OCR A => A - Level Biology > Exchange Surfaces > Flashcards

Exchange Surfaces Flashcards

Module 3

1
Q

What is an exchange surface?

A

An exchange surface is a structure that facilitates the exchange of substances between the internal and external environments of an organism.

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2
Q

True or False: Larger organisms require more complex exchange surfaces.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of exchange surfaces is to maximize _______.

A

diffusion

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4
Q

What are the key features of an effective exchange surface?

A

Large surface area, thin barrier, moist surface, and a rich blood supply.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of efficient exchange surfaces? A) Thin walls B) Large surface area C) Low temperature D) Moist environment

A

C) Low temperature

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6
Q

What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs that facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood.

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7
Q

True or False: Gases diffuse from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine?

A

Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs is called _______.

A

gas exchange

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily exchanged in the alveoli? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Carbon Dioxide D) Argon

A

B) Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the significance of a moist exchange surface?

A

A moist surface facilitates the diffusion of gases and other substances.

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12
Q

True or False: The surface area to volume ratio decreases as organisms grow larger.

A

True

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13
Q

What are the adaptations of the gills in fish for gas exchange?

A

Gills have a large surface area, thin walls, and a rich blood supply.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: In plants, the exchange of gases occurs primarily through _______.

A

stomata

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of increasing the efficiency of gas exchange? A) Reducing surface area B) Increasing thickness of the barrier C) Maintaining a steep concentration gradient D) None of the above

A

C) Maintaining a steep concentration gradient

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16
Q

What is countercurrent exchange?

A

Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism that maximizes the efficiency of gas exchange by having blood and water flow in opposite directions.

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17
Q

True or False: The majority of gas exchange in humans occurs in the bronchi.

A

False

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18
Q

What role does hemoglobin play in gas exchange?

A

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, facilitating oxygen transport.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the primary site of gas exchange in the human body.

A

lung

20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for the actual exchange of gases? A) Trachea B) Alveoli C) Bronchi D) Larynx

A

B) Alveoli

21
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity in respiration?

A

The nasal cavity warms, moistens, and filters air before it enters the lungs.

22
Q

True or False: The larger the organism, the easier it is for it to rely solely on diffusion for gas exchange.

A

False

23
Q

What is the significance of a high surface area to volume ratio in exchange surfaces?

A

A high surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of substances.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: In insects, gas exchange occurs through openings called _______.

A

spiracles

25
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an adaptation of the alveoli? A) Thick walls B) Large surface area C) Low blood supply D) None of the above

A

B) Large surface area

26
Q

What is the role of capillaries in exchange surfaces?

A

Capillaries facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues due to their thin walls and extensive networks.

27
Q

True or False: Stomata are involved in gas exchange in both plants and animals.

A

False

28
Q

What is the primary gas exchanged by plants during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs occurs via _______.

A

diffusion

30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion? A) Concentration gradient B) Temperature C) Surface area D) Color of the substance

A

D) Color of the substance

31
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

To facilitate gas exchange between the body and the environment.

32
Q

True or False: Diffusion is the only method of transport for gases in the body.

A

False

33
Q

What adaptation do the lungs have to increase efficiency of gas exchange?

A

The lungs contain numerous alveoli to increase surface area.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of inhalation is primarily driven by the contraction of the _______.

A

diaphragm

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of a small surface area to volume ratio? A) Increased efficiency B) Difficulty in maintaining temperature C) Reduced diffusion rate D) None of the above

A

C) Reduced diffusion rate

36
Q

What is the importance of maintaining a steep concentration gradient in exchange surfaces?

A

It enhances the rate of diffusion of gases.

37
Q

True or False: The structure of gills allows fish to extract oxygen from water efficiently.

A

True

38
Q

What are the equations to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a sphere.

A

Surface area of a sphere: 4πr²
Volume of a sphere: 4/3πr³

39
Q

What are the equations to calculate the surface area and volume ratio of a cylinder?

A

Surface area: 2πrh+2πr²
Volume:πr²h

40
Q

What are the equations to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cube.

A

Surface area: 6x²
Volume: x³

41
Q

Why do organisms with a larger surface area to volume ratio generally require specialised exchange surfaces?

A

These specialised exchange surfaces helps the organism to meet demands and metabolic rate demand so it can function efficiently.

42
Q

What is the process of pathway through the lungs.

A

Lungs (either lung) > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli.

43
Q

Why can gas exchange generally not occur in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles?

A

This is because they are impermeable to gases.

44
Q

What are general adaptations of the alveoli for gas exchange?

A

OCR A => A - Level Biology (9 decks)

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