Cell division and Cellular Organisation Flashcards
What are the two types of cellular division?
Mitosis and meiosis.
What is mitosis?
It is the cellular division of a cell to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
It is the cellular division of a cell to produce 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells.
What is the general purpose of mitosis?
It is generally responsible for the growth and repair that occurs in the body.
What is the general purpose of meiosis?
It is generally responsible for the production of gametes (sex cells) - i.e. sperm and egg cells.
What are the two main phases of meiosis?
Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
What are the three phases that are present during interphase?
G1 phase.
S phase - synthesis phase.
G2 phase.
What generally occurs during interphase?
The cell grows in size and DNA is replicated in S phase whilst the organelles are also replicated.
Checkpoints can also occur to ensure the cell does not undergo any mutations,
etc.
What occurs during interphase?
The DNA is replicated and it is checked for errors in the nucleus, protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, organelles are replicated and normal metabolic processes of the cell occur.
What occurs in the G1 phase?
It is the first growth phase where organelles are replicated and the cell increases in size.
What occurs in S phase?
It is the synthesis phase where the DNA of the cell in the nucleus is replicated so that each of the daughter cells contain the exact copy of the parent DNA.
What occurs in the G2 phase?
This is the second growth phase where the cell continues to increase in size, energy stores are increase the duplicated DNA will be checked for any errors.
What is the mitotic phase?
It is the phase where cell division occurs in two stages - mitosis and cytokinesis.
What are the different stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis.
What is interphase commonly referred to as?
The ‘resting phase’ but the cell in reality grows in size, duplicates its DNA, replicates organelles, undergoes checkpoints within the cell cycle.
