Cells

Question 1

What are the two types of organisms?

Answer 1

Unicellular - single celled
Multicellular - many celled

Question 2

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

Describe the main similarities between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

Both contain genetic material known as DNA.

Both contain cytoplasm.

Both have a cell surface/plasma membrane.

Both contain ribosomes.

Question 4

Describe the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells contain a loop of DNA/plasmid and do not have a true nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do contain a true nucleus and have linear DNA.

Prokaryotic cells have a 70s ribosomes but eukaryotic cells have an 80s ribosomes.

Prokaryotic cells do not contain any mitochondria unlike eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane bound organelles unlike eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells.

Question 5

Function of the nucleus.

Answer 5

It contains the DNA and controls the cell activity.

Question 6

Function of the cell surface/plasma membrane.

Answer 6

It is a partially permeable membrane that controls what molecules can enter and leave the cell.

Question 7

Function of the cytoplasm.

Answer 7

It is a jelly like substance where most of the metabolic reactions occur within a cell.

Question 8

Function of the mitochondria.

Answer 8

It is the site where aerobic respiration takes place to release energy and produce ATP.

Question 9

Function of the ribosomes.

Answer 9

It is the site where protein synthesis occurs to make proteins.

Question 10

Function of the permanent vacuole.

Answer 10

It contains cell sap and stores nutrients/waste of the cell.

Question 11

Function of the chloroplast.

Answer 11

It contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll that captures the sunlight needed for photosynthesis to occur.

Question 12

Function of cellulose cell wall.

Answer 12

It contains cellulose and helps to maintain structure and support of the cell.

Question 13

What are the two types of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?

Answer 13

RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum.
SER - smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

Function of the RER.

Answer 14

The RER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for proteins synthesis, e.g. proteins that will leave the cell.

Question 15

Function of SER.

Answer 15

It contains digestive enzymes and synthesis of lipids