Exchange Between Organisms and Their Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you compare the internal and external environments of organisms?

A

They are different

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2
Q

What must organisms do with their two environments to survive?

A

Transfer materials

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3
Q

Where does the transfer of materials across organisms environments take place?

A

At exchange surfaces

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4
Q

What do transferred materials cross at exchange surfaces?

A

Cell plasma membranes

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5
Q

What is the environment surrounding the cells of multicellular organisms called?

A

Tissue fluid

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6
Q

Where are materials distributed to after absorption in multicellular organisms?

A

Tissue fluid

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7
Q

How does the size and metabolic rate of an organism affect their surface area?

A

Organisms with a high metabolic rate will exchange more materials therefore will require a larger surface area to volume ratio

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8
Q

Give examples of respiratory gases that need to be interchanged between an organism and its environment

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Give examples of nutrients that need to be interchanged between an organism and its environment

A

Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals

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10
Q

Give examples of excretory products that need to be interchanged between an organism and its environment

A

Urea and carbon dioxide

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11
Q

How does the interchange of respiratory gases, nutrients and excretory products between an organism and its environment take place?

A
  • Passively by diffusion and osmosis

- Actively by active transport

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12
Q

What does active transport require?

A

Metabolic energy

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13
Q

In larger organisms what type of surface area to volume ratio is needed?

A

A large one

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14
Q

Why do some organisms have a flattened shape?

A

So no cell is ever far from the surface

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15
Q

Why do some organisms have specialised exchange surfaces?

A

To increase their surface area to volume ratio

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16
Q

What are the features of a specialised exchange surfaces?

A
  • They have a large surface area to volume ratio
  • They are very thin to lower diffusion distance and increase diffusion rate
  • They are selectively permeable to allow selected materials to cross
  • Their environmental medium is constantly moving to maintain a diffusion gradient
  • A transport system to ensure internal medium is constantly moving to maintain a diffusion gradient
17
Q

What can happen as a result of diffusion pathways being thin?

A

They can be damaged or dehydrated easily

18
Q

Often, where are thin diffusion pathways found?

A

Inside the body to protect them

19
Q

Name four general things that need to be exchanged between organisms and their environment

A
  • Respiratory gases
  • Nutrients
  • Excretory products
  • Heat
20
Q

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion of substances into cells

A
  • Surface area
  • Thickness of cell surface membrane
  • Permeability of cell surface membrane to the substance
  • Concentration gradient of substance between the inside and outside of the cell
  • Temperature