3.1 Human Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Why can small organisms diffuse gases straight into their environment?

A

Large surface area to volume ratio

Low metabolic rate

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2
Q

Give an example of a small organism:

A

Amoeba

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3
Q

What do large organisms needs specialised exchange system?

A

Small surface area to volume ration

Higher metabolic rate

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4
Q

What 4 thing do

Lungs have to increase the efficiency of gas exchange?

A

Large surface area
Thin permeable walls
Good blood supply
Efficient ventilation

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5
Q

How do lungs have large surface area?

A

Alveoli sounded shape meaning oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse quickly

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6
Q

What are alveoli encapsulated by?

A

Capillaries which allow for quick gas exchange

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7
Q

Why do the lungs have thin permeable walls and how does this affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Alveoli is made up of squamous tissue and their walls are one cells thick this decreased the area over which diffusion takes place increasing the rate of diffusion

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8
Q

Why do the lungs need a good blood supply?

A

They need as much blood per minute as the rest of the body

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9
Q

How is a concentration gradient maintained in the lungs?

A

CO2 is always entering and O2 is always leaving maintaining a high conc of CO2 in the capillaries which maintains the concentration gradient

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10
Q

What is efficient ventilation?

A

The physical pumping mechanism called breathing that continually brings fresh air to the Alveoli, keeping the concentration gradient large

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11
Q

What is the nasal cavity and what does it do?

A
  • Where air enters the body
  • nc has a large s/a to v ratio and good blood supply
  • warms air to body temperature
  • hairy lining secretes mucus trapping dust and bacteria
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12
Q

What does the trachea and what does it do?

A

Carries air from the nose to the lungs
Wide tubes supported by incomplete rings of cartilage
Lined with goblet cells and ciliated epithelium

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13
Q

What is cartilage and what does it do?

A

Rings of cartilage support the trachea and bronchi

They are strong and flexible and are incomplete in the trachea to allow food to pass down the oesophagus

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14
Q

What does ciliated epithelium do?

A

Lines the airways

Beats and moved mucus away from the lungs to the throat where they are digested

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15
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

They line other airways and secrete mucus to trap bacteria

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16
Q

What can small organisms do?

A

Exchange gases and waste directly into their environment