Excess Weight and Adverse Balance

Question 1

What is the Basic Empty Weight (BEW)?

Answer 1

Standard empty weight plus optional equipment

Question 2

What is the Operational Empty Weight (OEW)?

Answer 2

BEW + Additional Items

Question 3

What is the Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW)?

Answer 3

Operational Empty Weight + Payload

Question 4

What is the Ramp Weight (RW)?

Answer 4

Zero fuel weight + Fuel

Question 5

What is the TOW?

Answer 5

RW - Fuel for ground ops

Question 6

What is the landing weight (LW)?

Answer 6

TOW - Planned fuel for sortie

Question 7

What is the formula for a moment?

Answer 7

Moment = Force x Moment Arm

Question 8

What can result from a too forward CoG?

Answer 8

1) Excessive loads on the nose wheel
2) Decreased braking performance due to less weight on the braked MLG
3) Higher stalling speeds
4) Higher elevator control forces

Question 9

What can a too aft CoG result in?

Answer 9

1) Extreme control difficulty
2) Violent stall characteristics
3) Very light control forces

Question 10

What is the most important factor in determining the aft CoG limit?

Answer 10

Static longitudinal stability

Question 11

Where is the CoG datum for the PC-21?`

Answer 11

Imaginary point 3m forward of the firewall