EXCERCISE IN HEAT Flashcards
list and describe ways to regulate core temperature
radation: the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
conduction: transfer of heat through direct contact
(ice packs)
convection: transfer of heat resulting from the evaporation of water (sweat) on the skin
what is the primary mechanism which heat can be dissipated from the body
sweat
list the immediate physiological changes due to heat
due to less fluid in your blood your heart has to work harder to deliever the blood and oxygen to exercising muscles leading to an increase heart rate a decreased stroke volume.
loss of fluid = rapid dehydration
vasodilation of blood due to blood being diverted to the skin to increase convection
increase respiratory rate
list pre-event hydration strategies
hyperhydration prior to event in preparation for loss of fluids
describe how an athlete should hydrate whilst exercising in the heat
drinking 1l of water per hr
for exercise larger than 1hr combine water with carbohydrates with fluid is extra beneficial.
strategies for exercising in the heat
wearing thin, lightly coloured cotton clothing + skin exposure for evaportation
precooling- ingesting slushis ice vest cool towel shade
during event- lower core temp =ice vest sitting in shade, hydrate
after same thing including hydrating to replenish fluids
define heat acclimatisation
the ability to tolerate heat through training in similar environments expected in the competition for 5-10days
what can heat acclimatisation do
results in earlier onset sweating, a greater rate of sweating also means an increase in plasma volume menaing there a larger blood volume of the athlete leading to more effective blood flow, oxygen delivery and cooling
list the long term adaptations of successful heat acclimatisation
^ sweat rate optimising eveaporative cooling
early onset sweating (move onto periphery) to increase surface area for evaporative cooling
^ plasma volume and ^ cardiac output therefore minimising implication of competition for blood flow therefore more effective delivery of oxygen to muscles.
define humidity
represents the proportion of water in ambient air
how does humidity effect exercise in heat
it effects the effectiveness of evaporation as a mechanism of heat loss from the body (sweat). if the humidity is high there is no where for the sweat to evaporate to.
this therefore placing the athlete in a position were they can not regulate their temp potentially leading to overheating
how does altitude effect performance
air is thinner, less absolute oxygen resulting in hypoxia (lack of adequate oxygen)
this meaning theres a lower amount of oxygen transported in the blood to the working musclesnas well as max oxygen consumption impaired
short term adaptions in altitude
decrease in O2 in blood (hypoxemia)
increase respiratory rate
increased tidal volume
increased blood pressure- working harder as theres little oxygen availability and consumption
decreased stroke volume
long term adaptions in altitude
increased capillarisation - increased ability to supply oxygen increased blood to musclle
increased haemaglobin volume and concentration as well as red blood cells- meaning there is an increased amount of oxygen by the blood
increased mitochondria- allows for higher intensity aerobic repiration
increase in aerobic enzymes- improve bodys ise of oxygen to produce energy/ATP faster
explain the term live high train low
living in high alttitude to obtain the long term adaptations
train low to see max benefits and allows high quality training and max performance
list the immediate effects of exercise in the cold
shivering- to ^ heat production
piloerection(goose bumps)- helps trap the warmth
vasoconstriction restricting blood flow to skin and drawing blood into the trunk of the body to reduce heat loss
dehydration
increased respiratory rate
define tapering
a reduction in training volume but maintenance of intensity to eliminate residual fatigue and maximise energy stores.
define peaking
an athlete performing at their optimal performance an athlete should try an peak before the competition phase
list types of recovery in the heat specifically
contrast water therapy for a duration of 6-12 minuets
entering the cold water first to first reduce sweating, decrease body temp, increase comfort and enhannce onset of sleep
the hot water also increaing blood flow.
10 min cold
2x 1min hot
2x 1 min cold
ice baths or cold water submersion
- will cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels. that helps with the flushing of waste products, such as lactic acid, out of the affected tissue.
With the cold temperature, there will be a reduction of the metabolism and this can cause a slowing down of the physiological processes.
list recovery strategies
- stretching
- massage
- compression boots
-contrast water therapy
-hyperbaric oxygen therapy
define periodisation and list the 4 phases
periodisation refers to a method of organisng training into phases or training blocks where each theme is specific to the athlete.
preparaiton phase- general and specific
competition phase
transitional phase
evaluation phase
can be broken into macrocycles and microcycles macro is over the year or until the competition phase is over and micro is week by week.
describe the purpose of periodisation/ an annual plan?
to ensure optimal performance occurs at the right time (competition phase) this is achieved by a taper prior to competition and monitoring fatigue and allowing for recovery to prevent overtraining.
what is maintainance and define recovery
maintainance is to ensure the bodys physiological adaptions are preserved over time.
recover is defined as an athlete returning to a state of performance readiness, mentally or physically
what is overtraining
can occur when an individual increases frequency duration and intensity too soon in training. this resulting in an inability to perform or train at their previous level