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MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 2 > Examples of Bacteria (Lect) > Flashcards

Examples of Bacteria (Lect) Flashcards

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1
Q

UTI symptoms

A
  • Dysuria (pain while urinating)
  • Increased urination
  • Malodorus Urine
  • Blood in urine
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2
Q

Nosocomial Pneumonia symptoms

A
  • Purulent Sputum
  • Frequent hospital visits
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Wheezing
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3
Q

Bacterial Meningitis symptoms

A
  • Fever
  • NECK STIFFNESS
  • Irrational behavior
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
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4
Q

TB symptoms

A
  • Cough
  • Low-grade fever
  • Bloody Sputum
  • Weight loss
  • Slow Onset
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5
Q

Atypical “walking” Pneumonia symptoms

A
  • Dry cough
  • Low-grade fever
  • fatigue
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6
Q

Gas Gangrene symptoms

A
  • black and dying skin
  • open wound
  • crepitus
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7
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome symptoms

A
  • sandpaper-like rash

- loss of epidermis

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8
Q

What causes cystitis / how is it transmitted?

  • organism that is usually responsible
  • who is most susceptible and why?
A

cystitis = Bladder Inflammation
- Ascension of normal flora into the urethra into the bladder

  1. E. Coli - 90% gram (-)
  2. Staphlococcus Saprophyticus gram (+)
  • Women are more susceptible because of close proximity of anus to vagina

**This evens out in elderly women and men

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9
Q

What causes Nosocomial pneumonia?

  • organisms that are usually responsible
  • who is most susceptible and why?
A
  • Patient needing to be placed on a ventilator (aka ventilator acquired pneumonia)
  • Gram (-) rods (Ps. aeruginosa, E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter)
  • Gram (+) cocci (staph aureus, streptococci)
  • People who have been ventilated, have CF, or have spent time in a hospital
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10
Q

What causes Pneumococcal Meningitis?

- organisms that are usually responsible

A
  • Spread of infection to meninges, most commonly via hematogenous spread of nasopharyngeal infection.
  • S. pneumoniae (viral can also be cause too)
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11
Q

What causes TB?

  • organisms that are usually responsible
  • who is most susceptible and why?
A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

  • AIDS patients and people from other countries
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12
Q

What organisms cause Atypical (walking) pneumonia?

- Transmission?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia (young adults)
  • Chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae ( young and older adults)
  • Legionella pneumophila (legionnaire’s disease) (elderly)

Transmitted via respiratory route

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13
Q

What causes gas gangrene / how is it transmitted?

- Organism?

A
  • Injury that introduces spores from the soil
  • Oxygen Poor tissues often get gangrenous
  • Chlostridium Perfringens
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14
Q

What causes SSSS / how is it transmitted?

  • organism?
  • who gets it?
A

Often transmitted in daycare settings

  • Staphlococcus Aureus
  • Children under the age of 5
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15
Q

T or F: TB transmission and S. Pneumoniae transmission are both spread via the respiratory route

A

True

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16
Q

What are some downsides to treating with ciprofloxacin (fluroquinolone)?

A
  • Linked to MDR (via efflux pumps)
  • Can cause C. Diff.
  • Can cause achilles Rupture
17
Q

What should you consider if a patient presents with a UTI and a fever?

A

Kidney Infection

18
Q

What are the features of a sputum samples that tell you its from the lungs and not just spit?

A
  1. Neutrophils should be present

2. NO epithelial cells (which indicate it came from the mouth)

19
Q

T or F: you should always assume nosocomial infections are antibiotic resistant until proven otherwise

A

True

20
Q

What is the only gram (+) diplo that we need to know?

A

Steptococcus Pneumoniae

21
Q

What is a major risk factor for infection by encapsulated bacteria?
- why?

A
  • Loss of Spleen

- Most likely macrophages in the spleen are responsible for finding these via the complement system

22
Q

What two drugs should you treat S. Pneumoniae meningitis with until susceptabilities come back?

A
  • Penicillin

- Vancomycin

23
Q

Which of the 7 diseases we learned cause granuloma formation in the lungs?

A

TB, this is one of the reasons why you have to treat the infection for so long

24
Q

Why are gram stain and culture negative on mycobacterium TB?

A
  • Mycolic acid makes up the outer membrane

- Mycolic acid ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR INABILITY OF DRUG TO PENETRATE

25
Q

What part of the immune system is responsible for granulomas?

A

Cell-mediated immunity

26
Q

T or F: TB is both chronic and latent

A

True

27
Q

Why do we treat TB with so many drugs?

A
  • Prevent MDR
  • It takes a long time to get culture back so we want broad spectrum
  • Granuloma is hard to get through
28
Q

Why do we 1st experience symptoms of TB?

A

Because of our own immune response

29
Q

Why use a macrolide rather than a penicillin for a mycoplasm infection?

A

Mycoplasma have no cell walls

30
Q

What type of pneumonia will show patchy infiltrates on x-ray?

A

Atypical Pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

31
Q

Cold Agglutinins

  • what are they?
  • what does their presence indicate?
A
  • RBC aggregates that form b/c IgM antibodies bind RBCs

**Only happens in 2/3 of pts. with walking pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumoniae)

32
Q

What causes shock in clostridium perfringens infection?

A

Alpha-toxin

33
Q

What are some exotoxins of S. aureus?

A

ETA
ETB
Protein A

MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 2 (4 decks)

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