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MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 2 > Bacterial Profiles (7 common bact. pathogens) > Flashcards

Bacterial Profiles (7 common bact. pathogens) Flashcards

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1
Q

Uropathogenic E. Coli

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Where is it found?
  • Virulence Factor
A

Gram (-) Rod

Falcultative anaerobe

  • Ferments Lactose
  • Converts Nitrate to Nitrite

Where?
- Normal Flora of the G.I. tract

Virulence Factors:

  • Flagella (movement of UT)
  • Type 1 Fimbriae (lower UT attachment)
  • P fimbriae (upper UTI)
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2
Q

What test would allow you to differentiate between the two most common bacteria involved in UTI’s?

A
  • Nitrite test
  • Nitrite (+) = E. Coli
  • Nitrite (-) = Staphlococcus Saphrophyticus
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3
Q

T or F: all E. Coli in the G.I. tract will cause a UTI?

A

False, (1) it is normal for a certain amount of E. Coli to be present in the urine

(2) ONLY E. COLI THAT HAVE AQUIRED A PATHOGENICITY ISLAND FOR FIMBRIAE WILL CAUSE DISEASE

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4
Q

In a UTI what does the difference in P fimbriae and Type 1 Fimbriae tell you?

A

Type 1 Fimbrae - only capable of lower UTI infection

P fimbriae - capable of upper UTI infection

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5
Q

P. aeruginosa

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Where is it found?
  • Virulence Factor
A

Gram (-) rod

Aerobic

  • Oxidase (catalase) (+)
  • Produces pyocyanin (blue) and Fluorescin (yellow) to give blue green color
  • Fruity Odor

Where?
- Soil, water, vegetation - OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN

Virulence Factors:
- Slime layer (important in CF patients)

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6
Q

T or F: P. aeruginosa only produces pneumonia.

A

False, it also produces infection in urinary and soft tissues

Commonly seen in burn patients, CF patients, and HAI (nosocomial) patients

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7
Q

What test allows for you to differentiate between P. aeruginosa and E. coli?

A

Catalase test

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8
Q

What do you treat E. coli with?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin (fluroquinolone) but this is often resistant so TMP-SMX is often used instead (aka COTRIMOXAZOLE)
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9
Q

T or F: Ps. infections are rarely MDR

A

False, they are often MDR and this makes them hard to treat

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10
Q

What antibiotics are typically used to treat Ps. aeruginosa?

A
  • 3 and 4th generation cephalosporins
  • carbapenems
  • some ß-lactams with lactamase inhibitors
  • newer aminoglycosides
  • Fluroquinolones
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11
Q

Why is it important to run a susceptability test if someone contracts Ps. aeruginosa?

A
  • Because there are often many drug resistant strains
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12
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae (aka the pneumococcus)

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Where is it found?
  • Virulence Factor
A
  • Gram (+) lancet-shaped Diplococcus
  • Facultative anaerobe (most likely)
  • Alpha-hemolytic
  • Optochin (Taxo P) senstive
  • Catalase (-)

Where?
- not stated

Virulence Factors:

  • capsule
  • secretory IgA protease
  • pneumolysin
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13
Q

What other infections can S. pneumoniae lead to?

A
  • Otitis media

- Sinusitis

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14
Q

What are patients with S. pneumoniae treated with?

A

Penicillin
Ceftriaxone
Vancomycin (if resistant)

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15
Q

What can be administered to prevent S. pneumoniae infection altogther?

A
  • Polyvalent capsular vaccine
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16
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Key tests
A

Acid-Fast Bacillis

  • mycolic acid in cell wall
  • MTB can INHIBIT phagolysome fusion
  • AFB on sputum may reveal organism - INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN
  • Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test
17
Q

What it the treatment for TB?

A

Combination drug therapy including rifampin.

18
Q

Mycoplasma Pnuemoniae

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Virulence Factor
A

DOESN’T SHOW UP ON GRAM STAIN

  • no cell wall
  • smallest free living organism

Aerobic

Virulence Factor:
- P1 adhession protein binds to ciliary cells causing stasis and death

19
Q

What are diseases besides walking pneumonia that can be caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A
  • Pharyngitis
  • Otitis media
  • Atypical Pneumonia
20
Q

What are mycoplasma pneumoniae infections treated with?

A

Erythromycin - NO TARGET FOR ß-lactams

21
Q

Clostridium Perfringens

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Where is it found?
  • Virulence Factor
A

Spore-forming Gram (+) that are large with square ends (like box cars)

Anerobic

Produce double zone of hemolysis

Where?
- Soil and Colon of Humans

Virulence Factors:

  • Spore Formation
  • Alpha Toxin (lecithinase)
  • 5% have enterotoxin found in food poisoning
22
Q

What causes the double zone of hemolysis in clostridium perfringens?

A

Alpha Toxin (exotoxin)

23
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus

  • Gram stain and shape
  • Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
  • Key tests
  • Where is it found?
  • Virulence Factor
A

Gram (+) grape-like round clusters

Facultative anaerobe

  • Catalase (+)
  • Coagulase (+)
  • ß-hemolytic
  • mannitol (+)

Where?
- Normal Flora of the nose

Virulence factors:

  • Shit tons
  • Protein A
  • Exotoxins
  • Uses ETA and ETB for SSSS to cause epidermis to fall offf
24
Q

What do you treat staph infections with?

A
  • Methacillin
  • Oxalcillin

Vancomycin if MRSA

25
Q

What features of Staphylococcus aureus cause:

  • toxic shock syndrome
  • necrotizing pneumonia
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome
- superantigens

Necrotizing Pneumonia
- exotoxins

MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 2 (4 decks)

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