Example Questions Flashcards
All of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT:
A. Smaller bronchioles can be constricted by smooth muscle contractions
B. The walls of the alveoli consist of thin simple squamous epithelium
C. The alveolar walls contain Type 1 and Type 2 alveolar cells
D. Surfactant from Type 2 cells increases surface tension preventing collapse of the lung
D. Surfactant from Type 2 cells increases surface tension preventing collapse of the lung
The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported by the blood as:
A. Carbaminohaemoglobin
B. Bicarbonate in plasma
C. Carboxyhaemoglobin
D. Bicarbonate in red blood cells
B. Bicarbonate in plasma
During inhalation:
A. The muscles of inspiration relax
B. The intrapulmonary pressure decreases by 1mmHg
C. The intrapulmonary pressure increases by 1mmHg
D. The diaphragm moves superiorly
B. The intrapulmonary pressure decreases by 1mmHg
Chloride enters erythrocytes as oxygen is unloaded because:
A. It replaces the bicarbonate that leaves the red cell
B. Reduced haemoglobin binds chloride
C. It accompanies the potassium that enters erythrocytes
D. It is actively transported by a pump mechanism
A. It replaces the bicarbonate that leaves the red cell
Secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by a:
A. Decrease in blood volume
B. Decrease in plasma potassium concentration
C. Decrease in the secretion of renin
D. Rise in pressure in the afferent arteriole
A. Decrease in blood volume
Hyperkalaemia may occur as a result of:
A. Use of a diuretic such as frusemide
B. Use of a diuretic such as spironolactone
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Prolonged vomiting
B. Use of a diuretic such as spironolactone
The maximum amount of air entering or leaving the lungs is known as the:
A. Inspiratory capacity
B. Functional residual capacity
C. Total lung capacity
D. Vital capacity
D. Vital capacity
The FEV1 is normally:
A. 80% of vital capacity
B. 70% of vital capacity
C. Normal or high in the case of obstructive lung disease
D. Normal or low in the case of restrictive lung disease
A. 80% of vital capacity
In the human electrocardiogram (ECG), the:
A. P wave represents depolarisation of the atria
B. QRS wave represents depolarisation of the ventricle
C. T wave represents repolarisation of the ventricle
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart causes:
A. Slowing of heart rate by stimulation of the SA node
B. Acceleration of the heart by stimulation of the SA node
C. Slowing of the heart by stimulation of the AV node
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Generation of erythrocytes in the bone marrow is controlled by the hormone:
A. Erythropoiesis
B. Biliverdin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Bilirubin
C. Erythropoietin
As tubular fluid flows through the proximal tubule:
A. The urea concentration decreases
B. The volume of tubular fluid decreases
C. Glucose concentration stays the same
D. The pH falls to around 4.0
B. The volume of tubular fluid decreases
In primary renal insufficiency (Addison’s disease):
A. There may be hypokalaemia
B. Plasma renin levels are low
C. There may be metabolic alkalosis
D. There may be hyponatremia
D. There may be hyponatremia
The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine is dependent upon:
A. ADH release from the pituitary
B. Secretion of urea into the collecting duct
C. Secretion of NaCl into the loop of Henle
D. High rate of blood flow through the renal medulla
A. ADH release from the pituitary
Which of the follow statements about the vagus nerve is CORRECT:
A. The vagus nerve originates from C3-5
B. The right vagus nerve passes anterior to the lung roots in the thorax
C. The vagus nerve is the 12th cranial nerve
D. The left vagus nerve passes anterior to the aortic arch in the thorax
D. The left vagus nerve passes anterior to the aortic arch in the thorax
