Examing

Question 1

FOUR types of central nervous system (CNS) evoked potential monitoring

Answer 1

-somatosensory evoked potential
• brainstem auditory evoked potential
• visual evoked potential
• motor evoked potential

Question 2

the THREE components of triple-H therapy for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 2

• hypervolemia • hemodilution • hypertension

Question 3

Name the TWO types of nerve fibers that transduce acute noxious stimuli into action potentials.

Answer 3

A delta fiber
C fiber

Question 4

Name THREE types of stimuli that activate primary afferent neurons.

Answer 4

Thermal
• Mechanical • Chemical

Question 5

Absolute contraindications - neuraxial blockade

Answer 5

Infection at the site of injection
Patient refusal
Coagulopathy or other bleeding diathesis
Severe hypovolemia
Increased intracranial pressure
Severe aortic stenosis
Severe mitral stenosis

Question 6

Relative contarind

Answer 6

Sepsis Uncooperative patient
Preexisting neurological deficits
Demyelinating lesions
Stenotic valvular heart lesions
Left ventricular outflow obstruction (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) Severe spinal deformity

Question 7

Other contraindic

Answer 7

Prior back surgery at the site of injection Complicated surgery Prolonged operation Major blood loss Maneuvers that compromise respiration

Question 8

Spinal blockade steps of action

Answer 8

Autonomic fibers are blocked first, followed by sensory loss to touch/pinprick, followed by loss of proprioception, and lastly motor loss. Autonomic blockade also will extend roughly two or more dermatomes above the level of skin analgesia, while motor blockade extends roughly two or more levels below the level of skin analgesia.
1. Autonomic fibres
2. C fibres - temp
3. A delta - sensation to pin-prick
4. Abeta fibers- sensation to touch
5. Proprio
6. Motor blockade