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MRCPCH Clinicals > Examination signs > Flashcards

Examination signs Flashcards

1
Q

Increased body/facial hair

A

Ciclosporin

PCOS

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2
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

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3
Q

Perioral freckling

A

Peutz Jeghers

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4
Q

Cafe au lait spots

A

NF1

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5
Q

Finger clubbing

A

CF
Liver disease
IBD
Coeliac diseae

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6
Q

Koilonychia

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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7
Q

Leuconychia

A

Cirrhosis

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8
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Chronic liver disease

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9
Q

Hepatic flap

A

Liver failure
Renal failure
CO2 retention

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10
Q

Tendon xanthomas

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

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11
Q

Facial plethora

A

Chronic liver disease

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12
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

Crohn’s/UC
Coeliac
Behcet’s disease

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13
Q

Gum hypertrophy

A

Myeloid leukaemia
Ciclosporin
Phenytoin

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14
Q

Macroglossia

A 
Down syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Beckwith-Wiedemann
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Glycogen storage disease
Amyloid
Haemangioma
Lymphangioma
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15
Q

Glossitis

A

Iron, folate or B12 deficiency

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16
Q

5Fs of an abdominal mass

A 
Faeces
Flatus
Fat 
Fluid
Foetus
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17
Q

Scar below right subcostal margin

A

Kocher’s incision
Cholecystectomy
Any liver procedure

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18
Q

Rooftop scar

A

Liver transplant

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19
Q

Transverse upper abdominal incision

A

CDH repair

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20
Q

Upper abdominal midline incision

A

Nissen’s fundoplication

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21
Q

Small right upper transverse incision

A

Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy

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22
Q

Bloodflow in caput medusae

A

Flows away from umbilicus

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23
Q

Main examination features of portal hypertension

A

Splenomegaly
Ascites
Portosystemic shunts: caput medusae, haemorrhoids, oesophageal varices

24
Q

Causes of portal hypertension

A

Prehepatic: portal vein thrombosis, postnatal umbilical vessel catheterisation, sepsis
Hepatic: cirrhosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis
Posthepatic: Budd-Chiari, heart failure

25
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly

A

Structural: biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, fibrosis
Storage/metabolic diseases
Haematological: haemoglobinopathies, leukaemia
Heart/vascular: congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, obstructive IVC, Budd-Chiari
Infection

26
Q

Causes of splenomegaly

A 
Haematological: leukaemia, haemoglobinopathy
Infection: Endocarditis, TB, parasites
Inflammation: SLE, rheumatoid, ITP, sarcoid
Portal hypertension
Amyloidosis
Gaucher
Niemann Pick
Tropical splenomegaly
27
Q

Causes of ascites

A 
Cirrhosis
Congestive heart failure
HYpoalbuminaemic states
TB
Malignancy
Hepatic vein thrombosis
Meigs syndrome
Pancreatitiss
28
Q

Main dysmorphic syndromes to look for in cardio exam

A 
Down
Williams
DiGeorge
Turner's 
Noonan's
29
Q

Absent radii

A

VACTERL

30
Q

Absent thumb

A

Holt-Oram

31
Q

Thrill at suprasternal notch

A

Aortic stenosis

32
Q

Raised JVP

A

Right heart failure, fluid overload

33
Q

Harrison sulcus

A

Increased pulmonary bloodflow

Asthma

34
Q

Right thoracotomy scar

A

Cardiac: BT shunt, PA banding

Non cardiac: lung, oesophageal or CDH surgery

35
Q

Midline sternotomy scar

A

Complex cardiac surgery
Any bypass surgery
PA banding

36
Q

Left thoracotomy scar

A

Cardiac: BT shunt, PA banding, PDA ligation, coarctation repair
Non cardiac: lung surgery

37
Q

Apex displaced to the left

A

Cardiomegaly
Pectus excavatum
Scoliosis

38
Q

Apex displaced to right

A

Dextrocardia e.g. Kartagener’s
Left diaphragmatic hernia
Collapsed lung on right
L pleural effusion or pneumothorax

39
Q

Thrill at lower left sternal edge

A

VSD

40
Q

Thrill at upper left sternal edge

A

Pulmonary stenosis

41
Q

ESM at ULSE

A

Pulmonary stenosis
ASD
Innocent murmur

42
Q

ESM at RUSE

A

Aortic stenosis

43
Q

Continuous at RUSE

A

Right BT shunt

44
Q

Pansystolic murmur at apex

A

Mitral regurgitation

VSD

45
Q

Late systolic murmur at apex

A

Mitral valve prolapse

46
Q

Ejection systolic murmur at apex

A

Aortic stenosis

47
Q

Mid diastolic murmur at apex

A

Mitral stenosis

48
Q

Pansystolic murmur at LLSE

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

VSD

49
Q

Diastolic murmur at LLSE

A

Tricuspid stenosis

Aortic regurgitation

50
Q

Systolic murmur at back:

A

Coarctation, peripheral pulmonary stenosis

51
Q

Continuous murmur at back

A

PDA

52
Q

Where does Still’s murmur occur?

A

LLSE

53
Q

Murmur radiating to the back and axilla

A

Pulmonary stenosis

54
Q

Murmur radiating to left axilla only

A

Mitral regurgitation

55
Q

How to differentiate between aortic stenosis and pulmonary stenosis?

A

Louder in expiration - left heart disease = aortic stenosis

Louder in inspiration - right heart disease = pulmonary stenosis

56
Q

Champagne bottle leg and high foot arch

A

HSMN type 1/charcot marie tooth

57
Q

Pronator drift

A

Weakness

Cerebellar lesion if upward

MRCPCH Clinicals (17 decks)

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