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Differential Dx > Examination/Patient Access > Flashcards

Examination/Patient Access Flashcards

1
Q

What type of access does a patient have if they have primary access?

A

direct access

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2
Q

How much health screening has a patient had prior to having primary access care?

A

minimal to none

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3
Q

Who is providing services to patients with secondary access?

A

PA, NP, EMT, RN

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4
Q

What does teriary access consist of?

A

labs, diagnostic imaging, additional medical examinations

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5
Q

What are the most important aspects of medical screening?

A

Confirmation that PT is needed
Focuses on biomechanical examination

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6
Q

What is the normal temperature range of a person?

A

97-99.3 degrees (36.1-37.4 C)

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7
Q

What temperature range is considered as a low grade fever?

A

99.5-102 degrees

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8
Q

What temperature range is considered as a high grade fever?

A

> 102 degrees

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9
Q

What makes night pain a big concern for possible cancer Dx?

A
  • when it’s the worst pain a patient has felt
  • when it wakes them up during the second half of their sleep cycle
  • no positioning/use of pillows helps the patient get comfortable
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10
Q

Other than neuro disorders, paresthesia/numbness can be associated with what?

A
  • renal disease/failure
  • endocrine disease (hypothyroidism)
  • MS
  • adverse drug reactions
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11
Q

What are red flags of numbness/paresthesia?

A
  • stocking/glove distribution
  • bilateral extremity deficits
  • LE/UE deficits
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12
Q

What is lightheadedness usually associated with?

A

cardiac and/or vascular insufficiency

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13
Q

What happens with lightheadedness when standing?

A

becomes worse w/ standing
becomes better w/ relaxing/reclining

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14
Q

Lightheadedness with visual disturbance or hemiparesis is a indication of what?

A

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

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15
Q

Change in mental status (confusion/disorientation) is commonly associated with what?

A

delirium, dementia, head injury, infection, adverse drug reaction

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16
Q

In the elderly, a change in mental status (confusion/disorientation) can be associated with what?

A
  • UTI/ infections
  • pneumonia
  • delirium
  • dementia
  • head injury
    -adverse drug reactions
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17
Q

If an elderly patient has confusion/disorientation due to pneumonia, what pneumonia symptoms do they NOT have?

A

no productive cough, fever, or pleuritic pain

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18
Q

Where does the majority of essential diagnostic information come from?

A

Patient interview

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19
Q

Up to 80-90% of information needed to determine the source of s/s can be obtained from the patient ___, leading to early hypothesis formation.

A

history

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20
Q

(true/false) Patients are more likely to sue if they don’t believe their healthcare provider is caring or compassionate

A

true

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21
Q

(true/false) Clinical medicine is not a practical skill

A

FALSE (it is)

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22
Q

(true/false) nothing is known as a complete social history

A

true

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23
Q

What are the fundamental components of a patient’s demographics?

A

age, education, race, religion, residence

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24
Q

Why are demographics important?

A
  • aids with pattern recognition
  • may affect how a patient views a disease
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25
Q

What information is important to help develop an understanding of a patient’s support system?

A

employment and school history

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26
Q

What does CAGE stand for?

A

Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye opener

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27
Q

What does SAFE stand for when assessing for domestic violence?

A

Stress and safety
Afraid and abused
Friends and Family
Emergency plan

28
Q

(true/false) Sexual history is not an important factor in illness.

A

FALSE (it is)
–> sexual dysfunction can result from many patients and practitioners having difficulty discussing sexual issues

29
Q

Why should a positional approach be utilized during medical screening?

A
  • allows for efficient progression
  • minimizes patient movement
30
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

pain

31
Q

What is indicated if a patient reports of “constant pain” but it is actually intermittent?

A

further questioning

32
Q

What is true constant pain indicative of?

A

systemic problem

33
Q

(true/false) you should immediately rule out a systemic problem if the patient does not have true continuous pain.

A

FALSE

34
Q

What is the pain pattern of a systemic problem?

A

progressive with a cyclical onset over the course of a few months

35
Q

What can be used to gauge the severity of pain?

A

medications

36
Q

What is the origin of a sharp, shooting pain?

A

neural

37
Q

What is the origin of a gnawing and deep pain?

A

visceral origin

38
Q

(true/false) Pain from a visceral origin has localization.

A

false –> diffuse pain

39
Q

What is the origin of a throbbing, pulsating, and pounding pain?

A

vascular

40
Q

What is the origin of a sore/aching pain?

A

MSK

41
Q

What is the origin of a agonizing, miserable, anxiety producing pain?

A

emotional/psychological

42
Q

(true/false) referred pain can originate from a somatic or visceral source.

A

true

43
Q

(true/false) Referred pain can have local TTP without decreased sensation.

A

true

44
Q

(true/false) Referred pain is commonly well localized without defined borders.

A

true

45
Q

A patient can have (hypotonia/hypertonia) with referred pain over the affected area

A

hypertonia

46
Q

Visceral origins produce ____ pain.

A

referred pain

47
Q

definition: When a myalgic condition causes a functional disturbance of the underlying viscera

A

somato-viseral interaction

48
Q

definition: When visceraI structures affect the somatic musculature

A

visera-somatic interaction

49
Q

Psychogenic caused pain can produce pain patterns seen in those with ___.

A

cancer

50
Q

What is positive predictive value?

A

the proportion of true-positive subjects among all subjects with a positive diagnostic test

51
Q

What is negative predictive value?

A

the proportion of true-negative subjects among all subjects with a negative diagnostic test

52
Q

(sensitivity and specificity OR Predictive values? Which one is preferred due to it being more useful?

A

sensitivity and specificity

53
Q

definition: Mnemonics to remember the most useful aspects of tests with moderate to high sensitivity and specificity

A

SNOUT and SPIN

54
Q

What is SnOUT?

A

A test with high sensitivity value (Sn) that when negative, helps to rule out a disease

55
Q

What is SpPIN?

A

A test with high specificity value (Sp) that when positive, helps rule in a disease

56
Q

If a patient has a high sensitivity value, what is indicated?

A

screening

57
Q

If a patient has a high specificity value, what is indicated?

A

Confirmation tests

58
Q

definition: reflects the odds that a person who obtains a score in the “disordered/positive/affected” range on the diagnostic indicator really DOES have the disorder

A

(+) LR

59
Q

definition: reflects the odds that a person who obtains a score in the “normal” range on the diagnostic indicator really DOES NOT have the disorder

A

(-) LR

60
Q

What strength of (+) LR generates conclusive shifts in probability?

A

> 10

61
Q

What strength of (+) LR generates moderate shifts in probability?

A

5-10

62
Q

What strength of (+) LR generates small, but important shifts in probability?

A

2-5

63
Q

What strength of (-) LR generates small, but important shifts in probability?

A

0.2-0.5

64
Q

What strength of (-) LR generates moderate, but important shifts in probability?

A

0.1-0.2

65
Q

What strength of (-) LR generates conclusive shifts in probability?

A

< 0.10

Differential Dx (13 decks)

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