examination of the nose

Question 1

examination methods of nose and sinuses

Answer 1

a.Physiological Findings
b. Anterior Rhinoscopy, Posterior Rhinoscopy, Endoscopy
c. Examination of Nasal Patency
d. Imaging of the Nose And Sinuses

Question 2

brief intro - evaluation of nose and sinuses

Answer 2

-aspection,palpation
rhino endoscopy
sinuscopy
ultrasound
radiology

Question 3

brief intro - evaluation of nose function

Answer 3

mucocilliary transport -> sacharin test
smell-> olfactometry
patency -> glatzell desk , rhinomanometry

Question 4

physiological findings

Answer 4

-overall inspection
-colour and texture of skin- butterfly rash, malar rash in lupus , thickening of skin hypothyroidisnm
-skin lesions
deformities on nasal bridge
symmetry nose

-palpation
pain and tendernee
trauma- mobile bones, fracture lines , depression
septal hematoma

exzmine nasal cavity
nasal septum
turninates (conchae)
entire nasal cavity

nasal airflow
thumb over nostril , the other nostril ask pt to breathe through it
repeat for other nostril - noting any difference in airflow

Interpretation
reduced airflow- obstruction like polyp , foreign body or deviated septum

Question 5

anterior rhinoscopy, posterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy

Answer 5

-anterior rhinoscopy
procedure- nasal speculumwith headlamps
equipment
method -patients head vertical, patients head tilted back
examination

-posterior rhinoscopy
procedure-pt sit facing examiner opening mouth
equipment -rhinoscopic mirror with headlamps
method
examination

-endoscopy
clinical indications
rod type- flexible vs rigid
technique- 4steps

Question 6

nasal patency examination

Answer 6

-nose patency
spatula test
rhinomanometry
accoustic rhinometry

-mucocilliary activity
sacharine test

-olfaction test
quantative olfactometry -sniffins test
qualatative olfactometry-threshold which substances are percieved and recognised

Question 7

imagine methods of nose and sinuses

Answer 7

x ray
computed tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
angiography
ultrasound